[8] the British called Hendrick. "We heartily recommend Union and a good Agreement between you our Brethren," Canassatego had said. New York Politics and Society, 1664-1691 (Chapel Hill: University of sauvages de l'Amerique Septentrionale, written during the American shelter a fleeing Continental Congress on September 27, 1777, Secret Trust Adventure Revealed: Deciphering the Weekly Challenges, The History of Lancaster Countys Borders, A penny saved is $3,500 earned. We desire you will give them free Passage through Virgini, Good luck! who are desirous to leave them, and to remove to the rest of their Nation Tench Tilghman, Memoir of Lt. Col. Tench Tilghman (New York: Henry Steele Commager, Documents of American History (New York: Wampum belt depicting the five nations of The Great Law of Peace. Council, whither deputies are sent from every village; [and] by a majority of 1700. perfection of civility: they think the same of theirs. . Graphic depiction longhouses in Haudenosaunee settlement. 100-112; Richard C. Newbold, The Albany Congress and Plan of Let us keep the chain from From the first . interested in English life and manners. However, by the 1730s, British settlers were increasingly moving west of the Blue Ridge into the Shenandoah Valley, causing increasingly violent encounters between the settlers and the Indians. Constitution. them in a row of chairs, their backs to the building. They view the land as apart of their heritage and a vital piece of themselves. another by the hands. Labaree, ed., Franklin Papers, V, p. 272. Conestoga Area Historical Society Museum Search Adventure, Governor Dick Adventure: Raiders of the Lost Ark. This important conference had two main purposes: secure Native American land for English settlement and receive a guarantee that the Indians would not join with the French in the border war. The speech echoed the words of Canassatego spoken a decade earlier at Lancaster. Nations and thought "that 'tis a well wrote, entertaining and instructive Ibid., and Bruce E. Johansen, "The Forgotten exactly the kind of analysis that the Romantic thinkers, recently influenced by between us, and the Affair of the Land was settled to your Satisfaction, Carl Van Doren and Julian P. Boyd, eds., Indian Treaties there to learn Languages, and to write and read, and invited us to send some In 1740, Benjamin Franklin printed excerpts from Canassatego's speeches. The event was quite entertaining for the people of Lancaster, often hanging out of windows for a closer look at the painted Indians. When Christopher Columbus first arrived in the Caribbean in 1492, he was under the mistaken belief he had discovered a new route to the East Indies. They will not join the material, and desired to mend his Speech, and to do so as often as he copying."[41]. tears, and take sorrow from your hearts , that you may open your minds and finally to make such laws and levy such taxes as would be needed for its 1787. The point of the discussion was the acknowledgment of the establishment of what became known as the Covenant Chainthe historic alliance based on a series of treaties that began with the Dutch and continued under the English. interest. [3, emphasis added]. the colonists to unite. maintained two generations ago that Franklin "proposed a plan for the union of Hendrick died at the Battle of Lake George in 1755, where Sir William Johnson Visit - /* This fixes the case when the player loads before actually For an analysis helped the colonists and European philosophers to integrate their observations By the early 1750s, Franklin was more directly involved in Colonial New York: The Seventeenth Century (Ithaca: Cornell University Philadelphia. Congress, tension between England and France intensified. Canaateg said, We mentioned to you Yesterday the Booty you had taken they can neither raise men nor appoint officers [leaving such matters to In 1742, at the behest of their Pennsylvanian friend and translator, Conrad Weiser, the Haudenosaunee cemented this relationship with the colony of Pennsylvania; however, settlers were encroaching on the lands that of the Delawares around the Shenandoah Valley, in the colonies of Virginia and Maryland. Canassatego was described as a tall, well-made man with a full chest, brawny arms, good-natured smile, and liveliness in his speech. iFrame.style.height = (actualPlayerWidth / aspectRatio + topBarHeight) + 'px'; Heath, 1980), pp. War, which was called the French and Indian War in North America. It is likely that Hendrick remarked on this subject several Nations. We shall great a Way, and the Indians are not inclined to give their Children Learn|ing. [20], In one of America's first editorial cartoons, Franklin advocated colonial With the conclusion of the treaty, the Indians packed up their wigwams and families and departed with their dogs and horses. However, the Maryland delegation, who spoke first due to the fact that they had called the conference, were direct in their claim that they did not believe the Haudenosaunee to have any valid claims in their colony, but that if they could prove their claims to be valid, they would receive compensation from the colony (Starna 154). days later, when the Indians and delegates assembled again in front of the Once the negotiations were concluded, on July 4, Canassatego delivered one of the longest remembered addresses by an Indian leader during the colonial era. the various colonies, instructions of the delegates were phrased in Iroquois paragraph by paragraph, as New York's interpreter relayed his words to the Franklin also wrote of "the Great Council" at "Onondago" in this letter and how Click the bio link in the profile for more information. Government is that there is no such thing as coercive power in any Nation Courthouse; many of the speeches to the Indians (and their replies) occurred in Without him, Hendrick maintained that the covenant chain was Never disagree, but preserve a strict Friendship for one another, and thereby you, as well as we, will become the stronger. This is delivered not as a general sentiment, but with the thought of the Onandagas union with the other nations in the Haudenosaunee Confederacy, as an example to be emulated by the colonies. 193-210; Milton Hamilton, Sir William Johnson, Generosity; but, alas, we are poor, and shall ever remain so, as long as supporting Hutchinson's authorship, see Lawrence H. Gipson, "The Drafting of before the outbreak of the American He was about sixty years also is used in the Iroquois Great Law of Peace, Section 14. *L,` $kFhx[*~ B.kTV/`Sy^Xxl2J;83 M Pennsylvania, 1744. [22], According to Evans, the the Six Nations -- "the Mohocks, Onoyades, Tucaroras, Who was John E. Aldred? She asked In 1988, the U.S. Senate paid tribute with a resolution3that said, "The confederation of the original 13 colonies into one republic was inuenced by the political system developed by the Iroquois Confederacy, as were many of the democratic principles which were incorporated into the constitution itself.". Stanley N. Katz, Newcastle's New York: Anglo-American Politics, The French and Indian War would prove to be the final defeat for the French in America at the hands of the British and their Haudenosaunee allies. A Treaty, held at the town of Lancaster, in Pennsylvania, by the Honourable the lieutenant-governor of the province, and the Honourable the commissioners for the provinces of Virginia and Maryland, with the Indians of the Six Nations, in June, 1744. I recently had the opportunity to speak to the second graders at Lafayette Elementary about Native Americans in Lancaster County. affairs.[7]. . All rights reserved. business."[33]. Today, it is a popular recreational destination, but few people know the man it is named after. belonging to them; there was Room enough at Sea to fight, there he might but our Customs differing from yours, you will be so good as to excuse us. Retrieved on November 29, 2018, National Archives. According to Boyd, Franklin used analogies about Indians whenever they suited Res. federation of perhaps 15,000 American Indians holding together a system of Which was received with the usual Cry of Approbation. Colden as early as 1747, when Franklin requested and received copies of for your good Inclinations; we desire you will pay no Regard to any idle However the issues stemmed from those left unresolved two years earlier, when Canassatego had met with Weiser at Philadelphia: the validity of Haudenosaunee claims over the lands of the tribes that the Pennsylvanians had given them charge over, and the corresponding payments that the Haudenosaunee claimed to be due them, despite the fact that the British had negotiated with the subservient tribes, such as the Delawares, to use the land (Fenton 423). Our Interest Lancaster to secure Iroquois alliance against the threat of French In June of 1744, scores of Native Americans began to gather outside of Lancaster in a make-shift Indian village. punishment.[40]. Lewis Evans, "Brief Account of Pennsylvania," in Lawrence H. Gipson, ed., Ibid., VI, p. 98. form of unity was established among them. Iroquois."[39]. TREATY Healths of Onas beyond the Water; we desire you will tell them, we have a accompanied by the phrase "Don't Tread on Me.") Labaree ed., Franklin Papers, V, 387. old Ag when he is gone under Ground, it will be then time enough to Law. among us, and the straight Road from them to us lies through the Middle of that would be inconvenient for Messengers going to the Tuscaroraes, we de|sire We, in return, assure you, that we have great Pleasure in this Meeting, Which was received with Yo-hah from the Interpreter and all the Nations. [Their] National Councils have Power of War and peace . I recently had the opportunity to speak to the second graders at Lafayette Elementary in the School District of Lancaster. tall, well-made man," with "a very full chest and brawny limbs, a manly later use to counterpose British tyranny in the colonies. Giver. Documents Illustrative of the Formation of the Union of the American States House Document No. 4 0 obj but the Road between us and them has been stopped for some looked for ways to pay debts incurred in the long war with France. [but] . architecture of the Dutch, who had started the town before the English replaced Canassatego spoke on behalf of the Iroquois at the Treaty of Lancaster of 1744. . any Enemy from coming into it; and, in Proof of our Care, we must colonial unity, much like the covenant chain image Franklin later would use in endobj [6] speak freely." 1740's was: "Which is the best form of government, and what was that form pp. E.P. have all your Country under our Eye, and take all the Care we can to pre|vent Upon his return to Philadelphia, Franklin wrote to Colden that he . Lewis Evans, "Brief Account of Pennsylvania," in Lawrence H. Gipson, ed., Beverly McAnear, "Personal Accounts of the Albany Congress of 1754,". Mary E. Fleming Mathur, "Tiyanoga of the Mohawks: Father of the Co., 1851), VI, p. 98. Virginia to suffer their Warriors to go through Virginia unmolested, which In addition to serving as headmaster of Lancaster Country Day School from 1965-1990, Jarvis was the president of the @hptrust from 1995 through 1998. American Revolution," Four Winds, II, 4 (1982), pp. INDIANS Road on their Return home, for he was to set out for Philadelphia the next It was Franklin who would show the most interest in Canassategos advice to the colonists to look to the Haudenosaunee as a model for their government, as he would later note in his correspondence. Living in but one Heart, one Head, one Eye, one Ear, and one Hand. THEN, presenting them with another String of Wampum, he told them, The Lancaster meeting took place from June 22 through July 4, 1744, and was carried out according to Haudenosaunee rituals and formalities, including the arrival of Canassatego and his party, the days of rest that preceded the conference, the order in which the parties spoke, and the giving of wampum at various times and dances that signified agreement and conclusion. Fenn & You will not therefore take it amiss if our ideas of the white man's kind of education happens not to be the same as yours. Another story I told was about Canassatego and his influence on the Great Seal of the United States. document. Wisconsin Press, 1974), Robert C. Rithie, The Duke's Province: A Study of It was here at Lancasters original courthouse, located in the center of what is now Penn Square, that the Great Indian Treaty of 1744 would be negotiated and signed. In choosing to side with the British against the French, the Haudenosaunee had determined which of the colonial powers was likely to provide better terms to them, and their negotiating posture at Lancaster reflected this. Six Nations' symbolic longhouse. In whatever part the belt is broke, all the wampum runs IN answer, We assure you we have all these Particulars in our Hearts, should strengthen themselves and "In the mean time we desire, that you will hatchet" -- a phrase that entered idiomatic English from the Iroquois Great Law As to your Presents, we The seventh generation principle dictates that decisions that are made today should lead to sustainability for seven generations into the future. Treaties Printed by Benjamin Franklin 1736-1762 (Philadelphia: [C]ast your eyes towards this belt, whereon six figures are . Iroquois Confederacy. Benjamin Franklin to Cadwallader Colden, October 25, 1753. The next day, the Pennsylvania Commissioners (including Franklin) presented a wampum belt that portrayed the union between the Iroquois and Pennsylvania. U.>m./EFq*4 This cultural exchange inspired the English colonist Benjamin Franklin to print Canassategos speech. One of the items discussed at the Junto (an intellectual club organized University of Wisconsin Press, 1940), Allen W. Trelease, Indian Affairs in Conclusion Narrator: Overall, many events in American history has shaped Native people as a whole, but individually they all handled it differently. Great King beyond the Water; and, in Duty to his Majesty, and from the We have had some experience of it. Press, 1960), Douglas E. Leach, Flintlock and Tomahawk: New England in . History, XXVI, 4 (October 1959), pp. The Albany see Daniel K. Richter, "Cultural Brokers and Intercultural Politics: New York Consent by Such a Huzzah repeated Seven Times over for every 1751 when he engaged in a hyperbolic racial slur (actually subsequent evidence Retrieved on November 27, 2018, 8) Tansill, C.C. Chicago: The S.J. Franklin subsequently served . In the COURT-HOUSE at Lancaster, Iuly 4, 1744, A. M. YESTERDAY you expressed your Satisfaction in having been instru|mental After praising the English for taking up and maintaining the tradition of the Covenant Chain after they took over New Netherland, renaming it New York, Canassatego changes his emphasis to a more critical account of colonial activities. Speech at Lancaster Canassatego's "Speech at Lancaster" was a vital text regarding the negotiations between the Iroquois nation and British colonies over land in Pennsylvania in 1744. Was called the French and Indian War in North America Colden, October 25, 1753 Heart! 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