The fourth, 1977's Billy Jack Goes to Washington , was never released in theaters. For me, though, Billy Jack carried a special meaning for several reasons. This site requires JavaScript to run correctly. [48] He told People magazine at the time, "Three years from today, we'll be the new United Artists. A group of children of various races from the school go to town for ice cream and are refused service and then abused and humiliated by Bernard Posner (David Roya), the son of the county's corrupt political boss Stuart Posner (Bert Freed), and his gang. WILL SCL2 and SCl4 have the same shape as CH4? [87] He derived at least two of his pseudonyms from his children: Frank Laughlin, his son's name and the name he used to direct The Trial of Billy Jack and The Master Gunfighter, and T.C. We are here to say our BILLYJACK is alive. No, Billy Jack was a fictional character in Tom Laughlin's movie "[63], Excluded from debates by party officials who did not consider him a serious candidate, Laughlin received 1,986 votes in the New Hampshire primary. "[37], However, the picture was embraced by much of America's youth,[citation needed] leading Laughlin to claim in 1975, "The youth of this country have only two heroes, Ralph Nader and Billy Jack. However, he wasnt reaching as far as he had hoped so for a time he gave up entertainment altogether and instead established a Montessori preschool in Santa Monica with his wife Delores Taylor. He was an actor and director, known for Billy Jack (1971), The Trial of Billy Jack (1974) and The Born Losers (1967). [1] He attended Washington High School,[4][5] where he was involved in an athletics controversy that made headlines throughout the city, caused by Laughlin being forced to attend another school for a brief period, making him ineligible to play football at his former school on his return. For the wrestler who shares the same real name, see, List of people diagnosed with coeliac disease, "Tom Laughlin, 82, Star of 'Billy Jack' Movie Series, Dies", "Hollywood's Attack of the Monster Releases", "Psychology of Cancer - 6 Factors Summarized", "Washington High Alumni stroll down Memory Lane", "School Board Approves New Setup for Athletics", "Is it Time for Billy Jack to Come Back? Jack"; it's not a true story. Continue Learning about Movies & Television. "[7] Variety magazine opined that 'the action frequently drags' and at nearly two hours' running length, 'The message is rammed down the spectators' throats and is sorely in need of considerable editing to tell a straightforward story. the real BILLYJACK. This student turned to a life of crime and is now on the 10 most wanted list with the FBI. which benefit does a community experience when its members have a high level of health literacy? The project went on for years, under various names: Billy Jack's Crusade to End the War in Iraq and Restore America to Its Moral Purpose; Billy Jack's Moral Revolution; Billy Jack for President; and Billy Jack And Jean. Welcome to BILLYJACK REAL Jean, the leading lady who ran the Freedom School, was reluctantly played by Toms wife, Delores Taylor. However, he failed to earn a living in the early years, having told People magazine in 1975, "We were living on $5 a week and eating Spam. This answer is: Study guides. Apparently, many others were, as well the movie grossed an unprecedented $40 million. But now, with the trivialization, people are afraid to call because they don't trust that the system will help them. Dead Inmate And Convicted Child Predator Now Person Of Interest In 1995 Disappearance Of 6-Year-Old Girl. If some of the actors in the film seem a bit wooden, thats probably because they werent professional performers but rather friends of the Laughlin family. Laughlin was best known for his series of Billy Jack films. All the moviesBorn Losers (1967), Billy Jack (1971), The Trial of Billy Jack (1974), and Billy Jack Goes to Washington (1977)are made by Tom Laughlin and his wife, and directed by T.C . Director Tom Laughlin Writer Elizabeth James Stars Tom Laughlin Elizabeth James Jeremy Slate See production, box office & company info Watch on The Roku Channel with subscription More watch options Add to Watchlist Added by 2.7K users 77 User reviews 29 Critic reviews Videos 2 A character in a movie put out in the 1970's. I believe he was an ex-green baret and then went into acting. Please. It was suggested that he had an encountered with a old fellow Jr. High student that used to give him the worst time about his name. This dream was to create a film that would do more than entertain, but bring awareness of the government oppression of Native Americans and inspire a movement for change. Cast & Crew Read More Tom Laughlin Billy Jack Delores Taylor Jean Roberts Clark Howat Sheriff Cole Victor Izay Doctor Julie Webb Barbara Debbie Schock Kit Photos & Videos View All His ambitions progressed slowly as he landed minor roles in South Pacific and Gidget, and eventually took the lead part in the 1957 debut of The Delinquents. Laughlin claimed it would be a "new genre of film" and a great deal of social commentary on politics, religion, and psychology will be discussed,[56] and a debate will take place between Billy Jack and President George W. Bush via computer manipulation of archived speeches. Also we are here to share the stories of the Vietnam Veterans who served our country along side of BILLYJACK. "[16], Laughlin's first starring film role was in Robert Altman's 1957 film The Delinquents, in which he played Scotty White, a teenager who gets mixed up with a gang when he is told he can no longer see his girlfriend. Miss False Eyelashes (as Cissie Colpitts) Jessica Myerson. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. How do you telepathically connet with the astral plain? In 1959, he was cast as young Tom Fowler in the episode "The Fight Back" of the NBC Western series, Riverboat. The film depicted hippies as heroes, and victims of the conservative racist kids, which was also anomalous, as much of mainstream entertainment portrayed hippies as scruffy shirkers and worthless bums. Sure, he was actually hiding in his mind by covering his eyes with a hat but it did seem to be effective. His daughter Teresa is a fashion designer. There will be pages of LETTERS FROM VETERANS posted that have been certified to give evidence of the many deeds BILLYJACK has accomplished. Why is it necessary for meiosis to produce cells less with fewer chromosomes? The film was intended to be the first of a trilogy entitled We Are All Christ. Also exposed was the racism that was still so prevalent during this era and inspired viewers to also take a stand for the oppressed. and who also wrote, produced, and directed the movie) is "real" a Tom Laughlin already had the basic outline of the script for Billy Jack the movie, but . Jam-packed with the most absurd of fight scenes, Tom Laughlin's film series was immensely popular -- Billy Jack . He decided to pursue acting in Los Angeles in the 1950s. '[6] Howard Thompson, writing for The New York Times agreed, calling the film 'well-aimed but misguided' as he wrote: 'For a picture that preaches pacifism, Billy Jack seems fascinated by its violence, of which it is full.' And he said, 'You'll never get this released. Councilman. Two years later, in 1967, he wrote, directed (as T. C. Frank), and starred in the motorcycle-gang exploitation film The Born Losers. Billy goes through a Navajo initiation where he is bitten purposely by a large rattlesnake, so that he would become the blood brother to the snake, and survives the ordeal. Crude and sensational yet urgent and pertinent, this provocative Warners release is in its unique, awkward way one of the year's important pictures. He was previously married to Delores Taylor. [34] However, the film was never made. Cisse Cameron. After barricading himself following a climactic shootout with the police and pleading from Jean, Billy Jack surrenders to the authorities in exchange for a decade-long guarantee that the school will be allowed to continue to run with Jean as its head. This has been proven to be an Indian holy site where prayers are offered. He created a blueprint for taking control of the home video distribution industry as a way for independent films to be seen. He was a perfect idol for the misfits he was protecting. Simpson was my neighbor up the street on Rockingham. [11] He finally transferred to the University of South Dakota, where he majored in radio acting, directing, and producing. He was involved in psychology and domestic violence counseling, writing several books on Jungian psychology and developing theories on the causes of cancer. [10] From there, he went on to appear in several feature films, including: These Wilder Years, (1956), Tea and Sympathy (1956),[10] Lafayette Escadrille (1958), and South Pacific (1958).[14]. Yes the movie was inspired by a real person. Bush. While a student, he formed a stock group and directed and starred in a production of Arthur Miller's All My Sons. The film was a romantic drama set on the campus of UCLA. Billy Jack seems to be saying the same thing as Born Losers; that a gun is better than a constitution in the enforcement of justice. Why the hell did you do that? Billy Jack battles a motorcycle gang in a small California beach town. What problems did Lenin and the Bolsheviks face after the Revolution AND how did he deal with them? In conclusion, while the name Billy Baroo has become a part of golfing culture and is often referenced in pop culture, there is no evidence to suggest that he is a real person. You will learn how: Tom and Delores mortgaged their house and risked everything in a $400,000 all or nothing gamble with Warner Brothers; How AIP (American International Pictures) tried to take control of Billy Jack by cutting of funding halfway through production; How 20th Centure Fox was two days away from destroying Billy Jack forever; Why no theater in the country would play Billy Jack, and what Tom and Delores had to go through to bring Billy Jack to the screen; The amazing story of how Billy Jack made mega-films like Jurassic Park, Star Wars, and even Titanic possible; The incredible story of the Native American Ghost Religion and how ti ties into the incredible saga of the Billy Jack hat and much, much more. Jack"; it's not a true story. In a dispute over a wedding held on the river vessel, the Enterprise, a lynch mob led by Fowler comes after Captain Grey Holden (series star Darren McGavin). There are some that claim he was a half-breed Navajo and German vagrant, discharged from an elite military unit defending the little guy with martial arts skills. [51] In 2009, a few scenes from the unfinished film were released on Laughlin's website. Are you crazy?! [58], In his later years, Laughlin turned his attention to politics. In fact, in real life shes married to Reb Brown, who played Dave Ryder aka Blast Hardcheese, Punch Rockgroin, Rip Steakface, et al. How do you download your XBOX 360 upgrade onto a CD? Yes the movie was inspired by a real person. [1] The film grossed $10 million in its initial run, but eventually added close to $50 million in its re-release,[2] with distribution supervised by Laughlin. How can a map enhance your understanding? Billy Jack depicts young people in a much different light. All compositions by Mundell Lowe, except as indicated. Why did the Osage Indians live in the great plains? It attained a cult following among younger audiences due to its youth-oriented, anti-authority message and the then-novel martial arts fight scenes which predate the Bruce Lee/kung fu movie trend that followed. Billy Jack (1971) - Turner Classic Movies Billy Jack Brief Synopsis A former Green Beret fights to protect a school for runaways in the desert. He wheres a sailor suit. What SI unit for speed would you use if you were measuring the speed of a train? He developed a habit of hiding right out in the open. State Court has made Travesty of Primary", "Poll of Perot Activists a Charade, Ex-Backers Say Politics: Texan runs the show, they assert, and is not just bowing to volunteers. [7] He played safety and halfback at Marquette. Delores Taylor received a Golden Globe nomination as Most Promising Newcoming Actress. He returned to the Billy Jack franchise in 1977. yes jack billy is a real person What does the Real Billy Jack look like? He followed this up with the sequel to The Born Losers, Billy Jack, in 1971. [38] As part of the film's promotion, Bong Soo Han, who was in charge of the martial arts choreography for the film,[39] toured the United States giving hapkido demonstrations. [73] He again was not allowed to participate in the debates. "[18], Laughlin made his directorial debut later that year with The Proper Time,[19] though the film wasn't released until 1962. He seemed to have a calm, but stubborn nature, much like Tom Laughlin himself. [26] In 1960, Laughlin planned to make a film, Poison in Our Land, based on the true story of a Texas couple affected by atomic radiation, but the project was never realized. The Greatest Film Story You've Never Heard. Speaking of the famous confrontation in the ice cream shop that drove Billy berserk, viewers who wondered why a soda fountain would have a barrel of flour handy might be interested to find out that this scene was based on a real-life incident Taylor witnessed while growing up in a small South Dakota reservation town. Who makes the plaid blue coat Jesse stone wears in Sea Change? Meanwhile, Barbara loses her unborn child, when the horse she was riding stumbles on a rock, causing her to fall off the horse. How do you download your XBOX 360 upgrade onto a CD? If you're referring to the movie, there was no "real Billy Jack"; it's . Up until 2007, Billy Jack was still the highest grossing independent film of all time and a beloved way to feel nostalgia for the past. What are the names of the third leaders called? Walter Cronkite's daughter was there, [and] Lucille Ball. Made for $360,000 Billy Jack went on to gross over $98,000,000. . [43] It is notable for its casting of notable Native Americans such as Sacheen Littlefeather, and counterculture figures like Rolling Thunder, as well as its strong criticism of the Kent State shootings. Also we are here to share the stories of the Vietnam Veterans who served our country along side of BILLYJACK. The film features a strange, contradictory combination of idealistic utopianism and free-floating despair. The movie was to be a documentary on the issues facing African Americans in the 1960s and would have focused greatly on the life of Martin Luther King Jr., followed by a discussion of race. Yet, Billy Jack was the only one who could protect them. [89], On November 20, 2007, he posted a video on YouTube explaining that poor health had caused him to leave his BillyJack.com website in a dormant state. Taylor was not at all interested in appearing on-camera, and only agreed to play the part of Jean when her husband told her that his original actress had suddenly quit. Tom Laughlin. This house you have, everything will be destroyed.' Where is the magnetic force the greatest on a magnet. Jack defends the hippie-themed Freedom School (inspired by Prescott College) and students from townspeople who do not understand or like the counterculture students. "[59], He appeared on the primary ballots in New Hampshire[60] and Louisiana. Billy Jack 1971 GP 1h 54m IMDb RATING 6.2 /10 6.3K YOUR RATING Rate Play trailer 3:08 1 Video 34 Photos Action Drama Ex-Green Beret hapkido expert saves wild horses from being slaughtered for dog food and helps protect a desert "freedom school" for runaway. Senator Tom Harkin: "I think he's a sleazebag. If you're referring to the movie, there was no "real Billy Laughlin wrote the original screenplay for "Billy Jack" in 1954 after seeing the racial animosity towards and mistreatment of American Indians in Delores' hometown, Winner, South Dakota. How do you telepathically connet with the astral plain? Later, Jean is kidnapped and raped by Bernard, who also murders a Native American student. In 2001, it was announced that Laughlin was suffering from a cancer of the tongue that was inoperable. [57], In 2010, Frank, Chris, and Teresa Laughlin co-founded Billy Jack Rights, LLC, which manages the rights to all of Tom Laughlin's films, including the Billy Jack franchise. Laughlin will probably be remembered most for the film Billy Jack, which he wrote, directed, and co-starred in along with his beloved wife (theyd been married for 60 years at the time of his death). He died on December 12, 2013 in Thousand Oaks, California, USA. Also appearing in this episode are John Ireland as Chris Slade and Karl Swenson as Ansel Torgin. The good guysare next to angelic, while the bad guys are, according to the needs of the moment, utter buffoons or utter devils. yes jack billy is a real person. Why fibrous material has only one falling period in drying curve? But the film was never finished. Set in the late 1960s, Billy Jack is a half-white, half-Indian ex-Green Beret Vietnam vet-turned-pacifist, and Hapkido expert (a combination of Tae Kwon Do and Aikido) who having gotten in touch with his Native American roots returns from the war to take up residence on a reservation outside a conservative Arizona town, where he quickly becomes the protector of the wild mustangs and the . no Is the character billy jack based on a real person? Either that, or we'll be out on our butt on the street. Billy Jack was first seen in the 1968 biker movie "Born. "[16] In 1976, Laughlin announced that he was more than $7million in debt and blamed the financial troubles on unethical behavior by Warner Bros. Pictures, which he said had illegally sold the television rights to his films. [42], The second sequel, The Trial of Billy Jack, released in late 1974, was a huge box-office hit, while not registering as quite as big a critical success. Family (2) Trivia (15) Help us Save Oak Flats and our environment. Does Jerry Seinfeld have Parkinson's disease? [52] He garnered notoriety at this time for making a citizen's arrest of a man after an argument over Laughlin's driving. The school is organized by its director, Jean Roberts (Delores Taylor). Cracker Jack is the character on the cracker jack box. By the mid-'60s, Laughlin had been sitting on his Billy Jack screenplay for over a decade. How many credits do you need to graduate with a doctoral degree? Why did the Osage Indians live in the great plains? Laughlin wrote, directed and starred in four films about Billy Jack, a half-Indian Vietnam War veteran who uses his martial-arts expertise to battle small-town bigots and baddies. [12][13] The two wed on October 15, 1954. But, when Billy Jack got mad, he did not hesitate to use his karate skills to beat his enemies. Posner figures that Billy Jack's day will eventually come and besides, the whole horse wrangling scheme was a bust because Posner's son Bernard (David Roya) is skittish on the idea of shooting . Why did the Osage Indians live in the great plains? [22], Laughlin wrote, directed, and starred in The Young Sinner. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. Also in 1959, Laughlin appeared in the film Gidget as Lover Boy. . 2023 Minute Media - All Rights Reserved. Who is craker Jack? One of many iconic scenes in Billy Jack is the one where Billy forces Bernard Posner to drive his brand-new $6000 Corvette Stingray into the lake. With a name like that, you can imagine how he was bullied in school. Following an incident involving Jean, Billy gives Bernard a choice of either receiving a dislocated elbow, or driving his Corvette into the lake; Bernard does the latter. In The Beginning. [9] According to a 1956 newspaper interview, he became involved in the drama program at Marquette after being encouraged by a university professor, Father John J. She was one of a handful of Caucasians who lived in the area (her Native playmates called her Little Yellow Head as a child) and the poor treatment of the Indians while growing up had a huge impact on her, and later her husband as well. [45], In 1975, Laughlin released The Master Gunfighter, a Western set in the 1840s, detailing the plight of the Chumash people. Billy Jack is a 1971 American action drama independent film, the second of four films centering on a character of the same name which began with the movie The Born Losers (1967), played by Tom Laughlin, who directed and co-wrote the script. BILLYJACK IS REAL AND IS ALIVE TODAY We are here to share his story and share Native American Interests and ask for your help to save our environment from the mining companies. The moment I saw it, I was impressed by the fight scenes. Making the fictional murder of nonexistent characters from Billy Jack the final tragedy in a series of real-life horrors represents only the beginning of the film's audacity. [7] It was retitled Billy Jack and Jean. Laughlin's other pursuits included lecturing and writing books on psychology, and a bid to be the Democratic presidential nominee (he was mainly a protest candidate) in 1992. [83], Although not a professionally trained psychologist, Laughlin had an interest in psychology, having studied the subject independently. Is our only hope that the good fascists defeat the bad fascists? Though the character, which Laughlin played himself, debuted in the 1967 biker film Born Losers, he became a phenomenon in the 1971 western drama Billy Jack. He was married to actress Delores Taylor from 1954 until his death. Without the help of Warner Bros. or Fox, Laughlin only trusted himself and alone he distributed the film to theaters one at a time. Wiki User. Look up The. [13] However, Laughlin's unique promotion of the film was its real legacy. It always seemed to work until the last time he used it. [7] The movie's re-release was successful but controversial. What did interest Hollywood investors, though, were violent outlaw motorcycle gang movies. It doesn't sound like bad dialogue or a Nicholas Cage-esque "interesting" acting choice, but rather like a real person dealing with her real emotions. He was a war hero who hated war and used extreme violence to promote peace and unity. Jam-packed with the most absurd of fight scenes, Tom Laughlins film series was immensely popular -- Billy Jack was the #1 draw at the box-office in 1971, and The Trial Of Billy Jack was the third-biggest film of 1974. A statement posted on BillyJack.com says Laughlin is survived by his wife of 60 years, Delores (who co-starred in his Billy Jack films), three children and five grandchildren. and who also wrote, produced, and directed the movie) is "real" a [3], Laughlin was born in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, the son of Margaret and Thomas Laughlin. By Gina Tron. Is democracy totally obsolete, then? The result was the quickly and cheaply made film The Born Losers, directed by Laughlin and starring Laughlin as its protagonist Billy Jack. The film is recognized by American Film Institute in these lists: A direct sequel followed with The Trial of Billy Jack (1974). He got up and charged me. Three of the movies were big hits -- 1967's The Born Losers, 1971's Billy Jack and 1974's The Trial of Billy Jack. The real-life Billy Breakenridge was far more fascinating, according to Legends of America. The Allmusic review states "a strange and striking combination of styles that somehow is effective a listenable disc whose flaws only add to the warmth". [27], In 1959, Laughlin and his wife founded a Montessori preschool in Santa Monica, California. The film score was composed, arranged and conducted by Mundell Lowe and the soundtrack album was originally released on the Warner Bros. [31] This was the first picture in which the character of Billy Jack appeared. [16] The centerpiece of the film features Billy Jack, enraged over the mistreatment of his Native American friends, fighting racist thugs using hapkido techniques. [28] However, by 1965, the school had gone bankrupt. How do you download your XBOX 360 upgrade onto a CD? Who is Billy Jack? In reality, Billy Jack was really William Jackov Chicken. ", "America has Lost its Moral Purpose and character", "The Case that George W. Bush is Not the Legally Elected Presidentthe Overwhelming Proof", "Billy Jack (Tom Laughlin) at Grandmaster Bong Soo Han's Funeral", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tom_Laughlin&oldid=1131817564, Candidates in the 1992 United States presidential election, Candidates in the 2004 United States presidential election, Candidates in the 2008 United States presidential election, Marquette Golden Avalanche football players, Articles with dead external links from June 2016, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with failed verification from April 2010, Articles with unsourced statements from December 2013, Articles with unsourced statements from June 2018, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Tommy Laughlin, T.C. [13] He blamed the murder of Nicole Brown Simpson on domestic abuse, saying: O.J. By standing up for what was right, the underdog Billy Jack became a role model for baby boomers who were inspired to defend mistreated people in a prejudice society. Some of you may have heard the name Billy Jack. [10] Despite the film's low budget, it became a cult film, with Alfred Hitchcock reportedly among its fans. How can a map enhance your understanding? Laughlin also pioneered modern movie-promotion techniques for The Trial of Billy Jack. In 1995, because of his background in football and psychology, he was brought in to counsel University of Nebraska football player Lawrence Phillips after Phillips' suspension from the team. Taylor co-produced and acted in all four Billy Jack films. Laughlin grew a full beard for the film and his character fought with both a 12-shot revolver and a samurai sword. He became involved in this after witnessing a neighbor, a police officer, beating his wife. Filming began in Prescott, Arizona, in the fall of 1969, but the movie was not completed until 1971. The Billy Jack character was actually introduced in the 1967 film The Born Losers. What are the names of God in various Kenyan tribes? [7] By 1961, Laughlin had left the film business to devote all of his time to the school, which by 1964 had become the largest school of its kind in the United States. [citation needed], Laughlin died of complications from pneumonia on December 12, 2013, at Los Robles Hospital and Medical Center in Thousand Oaks, California.[91]. [2], In the early 1960s, Laughlin put his film career on hiatus to start a Montessori preschool in Santa Monica, California; it became the largest school of its kind in the United States. "Revival of the fittest a Hollywood tradition", Leonard Klady, One Tin Soldier (The Legend of Billy Jack), "Billy Jack Is Ready to Fight the Good Fight Again", "AFI's 100 Years100 Heroes & Villains Nominees", "Bong Soo Han, 73; grand master of hapkido won film fans for martial arts", "Quentin Tarantino talks Once Upon a Time in Hollywood inspiration on podcast | EW.com", The Man Who Made Billy Jack Go Berserk: A Conversation with David Roya, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Billy_Jack&oldid=1148842605, Album articles lacking alt text for covers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, "Look, Look to the Mountain" (Kelly) 1:40, "When Will Billy Love Me" (Lynn Baker) 3:24, "Rainbow Made of Children" (Baker) 3:50, "Say Goodbye 'Cause You're Leavin'" 2:36, "One Tin Soldier (End Title)" (Lambert, Potter) 1:06, This page was last edited on 8 April 2023, at 17:10. It was profiled by Time in July of that year. If you're referring to the movie, there was no "real Billy Jack"; it's not a true story. (as Jessica Meyerson) Rest of cast listed alphabetically: Steve Comisar. Thomas Robert Laughlin Jr. (August 10, 1931 - December 12, 2013) was an American actor, director, screenwriter, author, educator, and activist. Copy. In 1984, he purchased a series of 12 advertisements in Variety condemning various aspects of the film industry and its treatment of independent filmmakers. How many credits do you need to graduate with a doctoral degree? Do you get more time for selling weed it in your home or outside? forever. He participated in the independent presidential candidates' debate on March 25, 1992, along with former U.S. [10] He met his future wife Delores Taylor in South Dakota. You can contact the San Carlos Apache Indian Reservation Office for more information. History doesnt record what happen that final time with William Jackov Chicken. he was not a true man there should have been!. [61][62] While campaigning for the Iowa caucus, he said of a fellow candidate and an Iowan, U.S. Laughlin died in 2013. Anyone with the slightest trace of skepticism or sophistication would tend to reject the movie out of hand and with good reason, since this kind of simplification is dramatically and socially deceitful. Actor, director, and occasional presidential candidate Tom Laughlin passed away last week at the age of 82 after a prolonged illness. name 5 famous sole traders,