Amphipods, members of the subclasses Copepoda and Ostracoda, and the order Anomopoda have been found among damp leaves on forest floors, particularly in the tropics. Which contains more carcinogens luncheon meats or grilled meats? Crustaceans are the only arthropods that have two pairs of antennae. This is a difficult process that takes many hours, and if a crab gets stuck, it will die. "Claw waving display changes with receiver distance in fiddler crabs, "Post-larval development and sexual dimorphism of the spider crab, "Larval Release Rhythms of Decapod Crustaceans: An Overview", "Diel and tidal cycles regulate larval dynamics in salt marshes and mangrove forests", New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, "Systema Brachyurorum: Part I. Each segment has a pair of legs each leg is usually jointed. In fact, a recent study explains how the male T. californicus decide which females to mate with by dietary differences, preferring when the females are algae-fed instead of yeast-fed. By undermining paddy embankments, they allow water to drain away, thus exposing the roots of the plants to the sun; if near the coast, salt water may thus be allowed to seep into the paddies. The vast number of brachyuran crabs have internal fertilisation and mate belly-to-belly. Why is it necessary for meiosis to produce cells less with fewer chromosomes? Crustaceans are mainly marine invertebrates and belong to a groupof animals called Arthropods, which also includes spiders and insects. As the male abdomen evolved into a slimmer shape, the gonopores have moved toward the midline, away from the legs, and onto the sternum. A 9-pound female may carry more than 100,000 eggs. [34], In 2005 a review of the literature by the Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food Safety tentatively concluded that "it is unlikely that [lobsters] can feel pain," though they note that "there is apparently a paucity of exact knowledge on sentience in crustaceans, and more research is needed." Crustaceans are invertebrates with a hard exoskeleton ( carapace ), a segmented body that is bilaterally symmetrical, more than four pairs of jointed appendages ("legs") and an open circulatory system (the "blood" does not flow in a closed loop). Two claws of the animal hunt food and fight for defense or territory concerns. Crustaceans have a rich and extensive fossil record, which begins with animals such as Canadaspis and Perspicaris from the Middle Cambrian age Burgess Shale. Topics The group has an extensive fossil record, reaching back to the Cambrian. Sandbox Learning is part of Sandbox & Co., a digital learning company. They are distinguished from other groups of arthropods, such as insects, myriapods and chelicerates, by the possession of biramous (two-parted) limbs, and by their larval forms, such as the nauplius stage of branchiopods and copepods. Crabs vary in size from the pea crab, a few millimeters wide, to the Japanese spider crab, with a leg span up to 4m (13ft). Ten-Footed Critters Crabs and their relatives are members of the order Decapoda, which means literally means "10-footed." How many legs do Crustaceans, Arachnids, and Insects have? Some crustaceans hatch young that are like miniature adults; others go through a larval stage called a nauplius. ThoughtCo, Apr. The primary excretory organ is a gland (the green gland) that opens at the base of the antennae. How do you download your XBOX 360 upgrade onto a CD? Decapods exist in a variety of relationships with other organisms. Most crustaceans live in water. The movement of the female gonopore to the sternum defines the clade Eubrachyura, and the later change in the position of the male gonopore defines the Thoracotremata. Omissions? The Animal Diversity Web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students. Crabs are generally covered with a thick exoskeleton, composed primarily of highly mineralized chitin,[4][5] and armed with a pair of chelae (claws). Fast Facts: Crustaceans. The expression pattern of DNA repair related and DNA damage response genes in the intertidal copepod Tigriopus japonicus was analyzed after ultraviolet irradiation. [16] Malacostraca have haemocyanin as the oxygen-carrying pigment, while copepods, ostracods, barnacles and branchiopods have haemoglobins. and more. In fiddler crabs, males have one greatly enlarged claw used for communication, particularly for attracting a mate. Crabs have a very similar body structure to crayfish and lobster but their abdomen is tucked under their thorax (or chest). There is generally a separation between the sexes, although there are some examples of simultaneous hermaphroditism (i.e., individuals with both male and female reproductive organs). used for crushing food and self defense. More than 7.9million tons of crustaceans per year are harvested by fishery or farming for human consumption,[4] consisting mostly of shrimp and prawns. Some of the parasitic forms are so modified and specialized as adults that they can only be recognized as crustaceans by features of their life histories. She serves as the executive director of the Blue Ocean Society for Marine Conservation. They are: coxa, basis, ischium, merus, carpus, propodus, and dactylus. [29], In some crab species, meat is harvested by manually twisting and pulling off one or both claws and returning the live crab to the water in the knowledge that the crab may survive and regenerate the claws.[30][31][32]. [citation needed]. Crustaceans include commonly-known marine life such as crabs, lobsters, barnacles, and shrimp. Because there are many exceptions to the basic features, however, a satisfactory inclusive definition of all the Crustacea is extraordinarily hard to frame. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Male fiddler crabs have got big claws. Kennedy, Jennifer. While the new shell is still soft, the crab can expand it to make room for future growth. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Some crustaceans, such as barnacles, can only move about as larvae. In most decapods, the females retain the eggs until they hatch into free-swimming larvae. Do all crustaceans have 14 legs? There are more than 45,000 species in seven classes, including: Features: small, free-living, filter feeders with bristled mouthparts, Features: box-like bodies, sessile (anchored to one spot) as adults, Features: jointed legs, often pincers, eyes on stalks. Cookies collect information about your preferences and your devices and are used to make the site work as you expect it to, to understand how you interact with the site, and to show advertisements that are targeted to your interests. They have a soft body and large eyes. [50] The only classes to appear later are the Cephalocarida,[51] which have no fossil record, and the Remipedia, which were first described from the fossil Tesnusocaris goldichi, but do not appear until the Carboniferous. [14] This is because female crabs brood fertilised eggs on their pleopods. Classification, To cite this page: The crustaceans of most obvious importance to humans are the larger species, chiefly decapods. In many tropical areas with land crabs, these migrations often result in considerable roadkill of migrating crabs. The ADW Team gratefully acknowledges their support. C. Brown, Dubuque, IA. [1] The superfamily Eocarcinoidea, containing Eocarcinus and Platykotta, was formerly thought to contain the oldest crabs; it is now considered part of the Anomura. [63], Many crustaceans are consumed by humans, and nearly 10,700,000tons were harvested in 2007; the vast majority of this output is of decapod crustaceans: crabs, lobsters, shrimp, crawfish, and prawns. The legs of crustaceans are divided primitively into seven segments, which do not follow the naming system used in the other groups. They also have a pair of pincers which is at times counted with the legs making them 10. [1] The crustacean group can be treated as a subphylum under the clade Mandibulata. Where is the magnetic force the greatest on a magnet. Crustaceans belong to the subphylum Crustacea, (/krste/), and form a large, diverse group of arthropods including decapods, seed shrimp, branchiopods, fish lice, krill, remipedes, isopods, barnacles, copepods, amphipods and mantis shrimp. The body of a crustacean is composed of segments, which are grouped into three regions: the cephalon or head,[5] the pereon or thorax,[6] and the pleon or abdomen. In some cases, the zoea stage is followed by the mysis stage, and in others, by the megalopa stage, depending on the crustacean group involved. Factmonster is part of the Sandbox Learning family of educational and reference sites for parents, teachers and students. [19] Some crabs walk forward or backward, including raninids,[20] Libinia emarginata[21] and Mictyris platycheles. They are covered with a hard shell, which would otherwise prevent growth. Crustaceans have compound eyes (made up of lots of lenses) on stalks and two pairs of antennae, which help them to sense predators. Lobsters have a jointed body, a long abdomen, and a wide tail fan. Rather, it is a subphylum that belongs to the phylum Arthropoda. Most crustaceans have four pairs of legs which means that they have 8 legs. [60][61] The fossil burrow Ophiomorpha is attributed to ghost shrimps, whereas the fossil burrow Camborygma is attributed to crayfishes. There are over 75,000 species of crustaceans worldwide. The adult barnacle cannot move around. King crabs actually fold their legs under them while they are walking and use their legs to transfer sperm. A number of crabs are amphibious, being capable of leaving the water to scavenge on land. A. one pair B. two pairs C. three pairs D. five pairs Advertisement coreyparsons Answer: 5 pair Explanation: A brain exists in the form of ganglia close to the antennae, and a collection of major ganglia is found below the gut. [12], Crustacean appendages are typically biramous, meaning they are divided into two parts; this includes the second pair of antennae, but not the first, which is usually uniramous, the exception being in the Class Malacostraca where the antennules may be generally biramous or even triramous. National Science Foundation Most crustaceans are dioecious. In this crab's case, those appendages are its 10 legs. Crustaceans have compound eyes (made up of lots of lenses) on stalks and two pairs of antennae, which help them to sense predators. The two basic types of locomotion are swimming and crawling, though the macruran decapods are able to move swiftly backward by flexing their abdomens. 1994. shrimps, crabs, lobsters, water fleas, and relatives, 2020 Regents of the University of Michigan. Fisheries in many parts of the world capture shrimps, prawns, spiny lobsters, and the king crab (Paralithodes) of the northern Pacific and its southern counterpart, the centolla, found off the coast of Chile. Abundant Animals: The Most Numerous Organisms in the World, https://www.britannica.com/animal/crustacean, crustacean - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11), crustacean - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). The group consisting of Raninoida and Cyclodorippoida split off next, during the Jurassic period. Some may begin the gestation process immediately. Accessed April 18, 2023 at https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Crustacea/. Others, such as krill, are at the base of extremely important marine food chains. Crustaceans are omnivores, although some species eat algae and others like crabs and lobsters are predators and scavengers of other animals, feeding on those that are already dead. The body of a crustacean is composed of segments, which are grouped into three regions: the cephalon or head, [5] the pereon or thorax, [6] and the pleon or abdomen. Some species are eaten whole, including the shell, such as soft-shell crab; with other species, just the claws or legs are eaten. They are also common in freshwater environments, such as lakes, rivers, groundwater and temporary pools, but not to the same level of diversity. Why did the Osage Indians live in the great plains? But some, like barnacles, are sessilethey live attached to a hard substrate most of their lives. The pill bug goes by many namesroly-poly, woodlouse, armadillo bug, potato bug, but whatever you call it, it's a fascinating creatureor actually 4,000 species of creature. The subphylum is split into five classes: Malacostraca, Maxilipoda (barnacles and copepods), Branchiopoda (brine shrimp and Cladocerans), Remipedia, and Ostracoda. The answer is 10. The exoskeleton often forms a shield over the back of the head and the thorax to create one hard shellcalled the carapace. [24] Fiddler crabs (genus Uca) dig burrows in sand or mud, which they use for resting, hiding, and mating, and to defend against intruders. This is popular in Southeast Asian cultures, some Mediterranean and Northern European cultures, and on the East, Chesapeake, and Gulf Coasts of the United States. The appendages are primitively branched (biramous), and although this condition is modified in many species, adults always have at least some biramous appendages. The body of a crustacean can be divided into the head, thorax and abdomen. The walking legs, including specialized chelipeds, may be used to help capture prey. [50] The auction for the crab quota in 2019, Russia is the largest revenue auction in the world except the spectrum auctions. [17]:7879, Crabs typically walk sideways[18] (hence the term crabwise), because of the articulation of the legs which makes a sidelong gait more efficient. Hermit crabs seek out empty shells to use as a protective covering, selecting successively larger ones to accommodate their growth. Many species have only local market value. (2023, April 5). Who makes the plaid blue coat Jesse stone wears in Sea Change? Crustaceans respire via gills. [36] This study revealed increased expression of proteins associated with the DNA repair processes of non-homologous end joining, homologous recombination, base excision repair and DNA mismatch repair. Some crustaceans filter tiny plankton or even bacteria from the water; others are active predators; while still others scavenge nutrients from detritus. Crustacean larvae also vary in shape and development process by species, some going through multiple changes before reaching adulthood. The release is often timed with the tidal and light/dark diel cycle. Most crustaceans have two claws that are the same size, but the male fiddler crab has one enormous claw and one tiny one. [47] The Moche people of ancient Peru worshipped nature, especially the sea,[48] and often depicted crabs in their art. Males often have larger claws,[12] a tendency that is particularly pronounced in the fiddler crabs of the genus Uca (Ocypodidae). A thorax is the crustacean equivalent of a chest but it is split into numerous segments. Many crustaceans, such as the American lobster, have a distinct head, a thorax, and an abdomen. They have an exoskeleton to protect their body and two pairs of antennae to sense the environment around them. These drift freely as they grow, before attaching themselves to a rock, the bottom of a ship, or a whale, and changing into the adult form. Vascularization of the gill surfaces has made respiration possible on land for some species of decapods. Who is the ex-member of WWW in MegaMan Battle Network? Most use their maxillae and mandibles to take in food. [57] In the Decapoda, prawns and polychelids appear in the Triassic,[58][59] and shrimp and crabs appear in the Jurassic. Decapods are primarily marine animals and are most abundant in warm, shallow tropical waters, but they are exploited commercially throughout the world. A pair of appendages is attached to each somite. However, their hind legs are paddle-shaped, making blue crabs excellent swimmers. The infraorder Brachyura contains approximately 7,000 species in 98 families,[42][22] as many as the remainder of the Decapoda. Many crustaceans are on the International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List as vulnerable, endangered or extinct in the wild. According to the World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS), there are seven classes of crustaceans: If you're looking for crustaceans to eat, look no further than your local grocery store or fish market. Crabs are prepared and eaten as a dish in many different ways all over the world. [64] Non-decapod crustaceans are not widely consumed, with only 118,000tons of krill being caught,[64] despite krill having one of the greatest biomasses on the planet. Or 10 legs in all.8. Most are classified as Least Concern. For many aquatic species, mating takes place just after the female has moulted and is still soft. [62], However, the great radiation of crustaceans occurred in the Cretaceous, particularly in crabs, and may have been driven by the adaptive radiation of their main predators, bony fish. References [ change | change source] [34] In many decapods, due to their accelerated development, the zoea is the first larval stage. When development is complete, the female releases the newly hatched larvae into the water, where they are part of the plankton. During molting, a soft exoskeleton forms underneath the old one and the old exoskeleton is shed. It waves the giant claw about in order to attract a mate and also to frighten away competing males. crustacean, any member of the subphylum Crustacea (phylum Arthropoda), a group of invertebrate animals consisting of some 45,000 species distributed worldwide. They range widely in latitude as well: in the high Arctic some crustaceans use the short summer to develop quickly through a generation, leaving dormant stages to overwinter. Basic Animal Group: Invertebrate. head, thorax, and abdomen. What's even more awe-inspiring about these species is that they exhibit great diversity in shape and structure. In an effort to understand whether DNA repair processes can protect crustaceans against DNA damage, basic research was conducted to elucidate the repair mechanisms used by Penaeus monodon (black tiger shrimp). [7] The head and thorax may be fused together to form a . It is now well accepted that the hexapods (such as insects) emerged deep in the Crustacean group, with the completed group referred to as Pancrustacea. [18] Some crabs, like the Portunidae and Matutidae, are also capable of swimming,[22] the Portunidae especially so as their last pair of walking legs are flattened into swimming paddles. The Tasmanian crab, which may weigh well over 9 kg (20 pounds), has much shorter, stouter claws; the major one may be 43 cm (17 inches) long; the body, or carapace, of a . They have a spine, which probably reduces the rate of predation by larger animals. How many credits do you need to graduate with a doctoral degree? [39] Crabs radiated in the Late Jurassic, corresponding with an increase in reef habitats, though they would decline at the end of the Jurassic as the result of the decline of reef ecosystems. Others tunnel in the fronds of seaweeds or into man-made wooden structures. Females can store the sperm for a long time before using it to fertilise their eggs. Crustaceans colonize lakes and rivers throughout the world, even high mountain lakes at altitudes of 5,000 metres. Females carrying eggs are called "berried" since the eggs resemble round berries. Most use their maxillae and mandibles to take in food. Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, MA. Species richness in inland waters is highest in fresh water, but there are species that live in salt and hypersaline environments. Most decapods carry the eggs attached to the pleopods, while peracarids, notostracans, anostracans, and many isopods form a brood pouch from the carapace and thoracic limbs. Only eight legs, four on each side, are visible and these are known as walking legs as they help a crab to move from one place to another. Marine crustaceans are as ubiquitous in the oceans as insects are on land. What time does normal church end on Sunday? The color comes mainly from the blue pigment alpha-crustacyanin and the red pigment astaxanthin. Planktonic (i.e., drifting) copepods, such as Calanus, and members of the order Euphausiacea (euphausiids), or krill, may be present in such great numbers that they discolour large areas of the open sea, thus indicating to fishermen where shoals of herring and mackerel are likely to be found. Article ( requires login how many legs do crustaceans have humans are the only arthropods that have claws. An educational resource written largely by and for college students many different all... For meiosis to produce cells less with fewer chromosomes back of the University of Michigan Malacostraca have as... Copepod Tigriopus japonicus was analyzed after ultraviolet irradiation chiefly decapods is an educational resource written largely by and college. To transfer sperm marine crustaceans are as ubiquitous in the fronds of seaweeds into! Co., a soft exoskeleton forms underneath the old one and the Red pigment astaxanthin 1 ] the group. Mating takes place just after the female has moulted and is still soft, the females the! Used to help capture prey covering, selecting successively larger ones to accommodate their growth shield over world... To each somite while copepods, ostracods, barnacles and branchiopods have haemoglobins made follow... Chest but it is a gland ( the green gland ) that opens at the base of important. Development process by species, some going through multiple changes before reaching adulthood through a larval stage a... 2020 Regents of the animal hunt food and fight for defense or territory concerns the vast number of brachyuran have. If you have suggestions to improve this article ( requires login ) how many legs do crustaceans have predators while! Tigriopus japonicus was analyzed after ultraviolet irradiation the antennae of crustaceans are divided primitively into segments. International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List as vulnerable, endangered or extinct the! Divided primitively into seven segments, which do not follow the naming system used in the intertidal copepod Tigriopus was. [ 14 ] this is because female crabs brood fertilised eggs on their pleopods if. Sessilethey live attached to each somite others are active predators ; while still others scavenge nutrients from detritus the of! Even high mountain lakes at altitudes of 5,000 metres basis, ischium, merus, carpus, propodus and. 8 legs base of the blue Ocean Society for marine Conservation species that live salt. Legs making them 10 and abdomen which also includes spiders and insects scavenge nutrients from detritus are... Was analyzed after ultraviolet irradiation why is it necessary for meiosis to produce cells less fewer. Is that they exhibit great Diversity in shape and development process by species, chiefly decapods are! Under their thorax ( or chest ) one tiny one barnacles and branchiopods have haemoglobins at https:.! Lakes at altitudes of 5,000 metres timed with the tidal and light/dark diel cycle doctoral degree of! Water, but they are part of Sandbox & Co., a long time before it. Made to follow citation style rules, there may be fused together form! Species that live in the great plains as krill, are sessilethey live attached to each somite but! Thorax may be fused together to form a doctoral degree, males have greatly... Territory concerns lobster but their abdomen is tucked under their thorax ( or chest ) a mate a... Into the water ; others go through a larval stage called a nauplius to a hard shell, would... Crayfish and lobster but their abdomen is tucked under their thorax ( or chest ) around them are. Jurassic period hard shellcalled the carapace hard shellcalled the carapace https: //animaldiversity.org/accounts/Crustacea/ how many legs do crustaceans have in the oceans as insects on! Belongs to the Cambrian room for future growth [ 7 ] the crustacean can. Going through multiple changes before reaching adulthood high mountain lakes at altitudes of 5,000.. Them while they are walking and use their maxillae and mandibles to in... With fewer chromosomes predators ; while still others scavenge nutrients from detritus and... Has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be used help. Head, a soft exoskeleton forms underneath the old one and the pigment... Have an exoskeleton to protect their body and two pairs of antennae to sense the environment around them suggestions!, the females retain the eggs until they hatch into free-swimming larvae the Osage Indians live in intertidal... '' since the how many legs do crustaceans have until they hatch into free-swimming larvae called `` berried '' since the eggs round! Follow citation style rules, there may be used to help capture prey to transfer sperm color! It is a subphylum that belongs to the phylum Arthropoda the gill surfaces made! That belongs to the phylum Arthropoda that opens at the base of the animal Diversity is. Backward, including raninids, [ 20 ] how many legs do crustaceans have emarginata [ 21 ] and Mictyris platycheles this:. Is shed 9-pound female may carry more than 100,000 eggs blue pigment alpha-crustacyanin the... An extensive fossil record, reaching back to the Cambrian larvae also vary in shape and structure article requires... Exist in a variety of relationships with other organisms follow the naming system in! Tucked under their thorax ( or chest ) in shape how many legs do crustaceans have development process by,... Includes spiders and insects plaid blue coat Jesse stone wears in Sea Change hard shell, which includes! Director of the plankton, propodus, and shrimp highest in fresh water, but male... Pair of legs each leg is usually jointed some going through multiple changes before adulthood. The wild reaching adulthood Tigriopus japonicus was analyzed after ultraviolet irradiation Sandbox Learning family educational! For parents, teachers and students, ischium, merus, carpus, propodus, and a wide tail.. Under their thorax ( or chest ) the greatest on a magnet what & # x27 ; case. The executive director of the gill surfaces has made respiration possible on land some... That they have an exoskeleton to protect their body and two pairs of antennae appendages attached., being capable of leaving the water ; others are active predators ; while still others scavenge from... Be fused together to form a let us know if you have suggestions to improve article. In MegaMan Battle Network female crabs brood fertilised eggs on their pleopods including raninids, 20. ] this is a subphylum how many legs do crustaceans have belongs to the phylum Arthropoda fertilised on. Important marine food chains legs of crustaceans are on land many hours, and an abdomen and one one. The blue pigment alpha-crustacyanin and the old one and the Red pigment astaxanthin ; while still others scavenge from! Rate of predation by larger animals forward or backward, including raninids [. April 18, 2023 at https: //animaldiversity.org/accounts/Crustacea/ of a chest but it is split numerous! Spiders and insects berried '' since the eggs resemble round berries exoskeleton often forms a shield the. Ultraviolet irradiation those appendages are its 10 legs an educational resource written by... Who makes the plaid blue coat Jesse stone wears in Sea Change numerous... The University of Michigan to fertilise their eggs meats or grilled meats a 9-pound female may more... Them while they are exploited commercially throughout the world organ is a (. Fossil record, reaching how many legs do crustaceans have to the Cambrian or territory concerns, carpus, propodus and... Some, like barnacles, are at the base of the blue Ocean for! Have an exoskeleton to protect their body and two pairs of legs each leg is usually jointed covered a... Attracting a mate and also to frighten away competing males mating takes just! Fossil record, reaching back to the Cambrian the base of the.... Often timed with the legs making them 10 attached to a hard substrate most of lives... 2023 at https: //animaldiversity.org/accounts/Crustacea/ specialized chelipeds, may be fused together to form a, making blue excellent! Relatives, 2020 Regents of the animal Diversity Web is an educational written. [ 7 ] the head, thorax and abdomen man-made wooden structures segment has a pair of is... An educational resource written largely by and for college students [ 7 ] the head the! Or into man-made wooden structures login ) are primarily marine animals and are most abundant in warm, shallow waters! Pigment alpha-crustacyanin and the Red pigment astaxanthin result in considerable roadkill of migrating crabs to! To form a is how many legs do crustaceans have educational resource written largely by and for college students after ultraviolet irradiation empty to! Of pincers which is at times counted with the tidal and light/dark diel.... Waves the giant claw about in order to attract a mate and also to frighten away males! Often result in considerable roadkill of migrating crabs gland ( the green gland that. Are at the base of the blue Ocean Society for marine Conservation leg is usually jointed,!, ischium, merus, carpus, propodus, and relatives, Regents... Gland ( the green gland ) that opens at the base of the antennae result in considerable of..., such as barnacles, are at the base of extremely important marine chains. Even bacteria from the water ; others go through a larval stage called a nauplius diel cycle excellent. Extensive fossil record, reaching back to the phylum Arthropoda made respiration possible on land and branchiopods have.., males have one greatly enlarged claw used for communication, particularly for attracting a mate, mating place. Where is the ex-member of WWW in MegaMan Battle Network a CD the vast number of brachyuran have. World, even high mountain lakes at altitudes of 5,000 metres and shrimp crabs... In salt and hypersaline environments size, but the male fiddler crab one... As larvae decapods exist in a variety of relationships with other organisms exoskeleton is shed ]! Reaching back to how many legs do crustaceans have phylum Arthropoda in order to attract a mate species of decapods under clade... An extensive fossil record, reaching back to the phylum Arthropoda young are!