366A High Road. Chief among them was the American Olmec specialist Matthew Stirling. Mayan and African oral traditions speak of pre-Columbian expeditions across the Atlantic from east to west; Who, then, were the Africans who sailed to America in antiquity? Mayan and African oral traditions speak of pre-Columbian expeditions across the Atlantic from east to west;41 and the modern explorer, Thor Heyerdahl, has demonstrated that ships modeled after the ancient Egyptian papyrus boat could indeed successfully make such a journey.42 Other Africans also built sturdy, seaworthy ships.43, Who, then, were the Africans who sailed to America in antiquity? Van Sertima accomplishes this through chapters relying heavily on dramatic storytelling. Some of the Olmec sculptures depicting human beings are so decidedly Negroid that many scholars long thought that the indigenous Olmec culture itself was of Black origin. Africa and the Discovery of America - A 1920 Review from the Journal Of Negro History," Leo Weiner, p 164-168. . Van Sertima makes it plain that Early America Revisited is more than a stack of evidence about the physical presence of Africans in pre-Columbian America, it is the study of how two peoples and cultures can lead to cross fertilization. A collection of essays by African American public intellectuals which have appeared in The Atlantic Monthly over the years. Revealing the African Presence in Renaissance Europe is the first exhibition to bring together a wide variety of works of art in diverse mediums that bear witness to the multiple aspects of the African presence in Europe in the Age of Exploration. Other scholars contend that numerous navigators sailed to the Americas from West Africa when the medieval empires of Ghana, Mali and Songhay flourished in that region. copyright owner. African Presence in Early Asia and Early Europe, a new online workshop by Runoko Rashidi, focuses on African people around parts of the world where their presence is significant but little know. Uploaded by Ivan Van Sertima. How central the role was that African Americans played has never been completely told and, unfortunately, a pivotal part of that history has been excluded from this exhibit. On the strength of the colossal Olmec heads and other evidence, several early Mexican scholars concurred with Melgars contention that Black people settled the New World, particularly Mexico, in antiquity. In Egyptian mythology the human headed bird, Ba, flies out of the tomb. early Aztecs, were profoundly influenced by Abu Bakari and his agents in the areas of technology, economics, religion, and the arts. Further concrete evidence, noted by Dr. Imhotep and largely ignored by Euro-centric archaeologists, includes Egyptian artifacts found across North America from the Algonquin writings on the East Coast to the artifacts and Egyptian place names in the Grand Canyon.. The Africans Who Discovered America Thousands Of Years BLACK CIVILIZATIONS OF ANCIENT AMERICA (MUU-LAN), MEXICO (XI), Stone carving of a Shaman or priest from Columbia's San Agustine Culture, An ancient West African Oni or King holding similar artifacts as the San Agustine culture stone carving of a Shaman, Meso-American pyramid with stepped appearance, built about 2500 years ago, Stepped Pyramid of Sakkara, Egypt, built over four thousand years ago, compare to Meso-American pyramid. Other indicators include, astronomy, art, writing systems, flora and fauna. German toxicologist, Svetla Balabanova, reported findings of cocaine and nicotine in ancient Egyptian mummies. We are making such material available to our readers under the provisions of "fair use" in an effort to advance a better understanding of political, economic and social issues. Rev. It seems that rather than barriers, the Pacific and Atlantic have acted as liquid highways since at least the appearance of the Olmec around 15 BCE. Addeddate 2021-01-11 01:39:57 This book provides convincing evidence that the Americas were settled far earlier than thought and that the earliest inhabitants probably came from Africa." Gregory Little Ph.D. author of The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Native American Mounds & Earthworks Read more Print length 374 pages Language English Publisher AuthorHouse Publication date They appear to represent priest-kings who ruled vast territories in Mesoamerica [Mexico and Central America] during the Olmec period, which is to be considered later herein. 7 0 obj Father Fray Gregoria Garcia, a priest of the Dominican order who spent nine years in Peru during the early sixteenth century, identified an island off of Cartagena, Columbia as the place where the Spanish first found Black people in the New World. Speaking specifically about the African influence on the Olmec culture, historian Zecharia Sitchin provides this view: It is an embarrassing enigma, because it challenges scholars and prideful nationalists to explain how people from Africa could have come to the New World not hundreds but thousands of years before Columbus, and how they could have developed, seemingly overnight, the Mother Civilization of Mesoamerica. Sertima, who published his book They Came before Columbus: The African Presence in Ancient America in I976.7. stream He wrote two articles about this particular head, one in the Boletin de Geografia y Estadistica, and the other in the respected Sociedad Mexicana de Geografia y Estadistica. Although eyewitness accounts of early European explorers may be the best evidence of an African presence in the New World that preceded Columbus, it is certainly not the only evidence. The currents off Africa serve as veritable conveyor belts to the Caribbean, the Gulf of Mexico and the northeastern corner of South America. All these religious similarities are too large and occur far too often to be mere coincidences. ",#(7),01444'9=82. There is not the slightest doubt that all later civilizations in [Mexico and Central America], rest ultimately on an Olmec base, once remarked Michael Coe, a leading historian on Mexico. Olmecian and Egyptian pyramids were both placed on the same north-south axis and had strikingly similar construction methods. [7] The 2015 Inter-census Estimate was the first time in which Afro-Mexicans could identify themselves as such and was a preliminary effort to include the identity before the 2020 . African Presence in Early Asia Google Books This is no longer possible. Google non verifica le recensioni, ma controlla e rimuove i contenuti falsi quando vengono identificati, Varieties of African American Religious Experience. A recurring theme in Afrocentrism is the claim that African Americans, Black West Africans in the Americas, and other groups (arbitrarily racialized by various groups to fit respective point of views) are the "real" Hebrews, Native Americans, Romans, etc. In using standard scientific measurements of skull shape and the formation of the face, Wiercinski found a clear prevalence of the total Negroid pattern26, In this same vein, historian Frederick Peterson has written that [w]e can trace the progress of man in Mexico without noting any definite Old World influence during this period (1000-650 B.C.) Ani, Marimba. 575, Acropolis and Sanctuary of Demeter Malophoros, Selinus, Sicily.pdf, CHAPTER 3 ANCIENT INDIAN LITERATURE AND LANGUAGES PART 2.docx, Plasma Petroglyphs (Plasmaglyphs), Earthworks, and the Megafauna Extinction, Religion at Gbekli Tepe and later in the same region, Introductory Guide to Ancient Civilizations, Behind The Veil of Tears: II Ashes of the Phoenix, Chapter 2 Early writing systems and civilizations from the book Neo-Eneolithic Literacy in Southeastern Europe, CHAPTER 3 ANCIENT INDIAN LITERATURE AND LANGUAGES PART 3.docx, ANCIENT INDIAN LITERATURE AND LANGUAGES APN CHAPTER 3 PART 3.docx, Divine origins of ancient Egyptian sacred symbolism and architecture in its global concept, ANCIENT RELIGION OF INDIAN CONTINENT CHAPTER 4 ANCIENT INDIAN HISTORY APN.docx Part -2.docx, Ancient Alien Architect Hypothesis and EPEMC (Brief. They appear to represent priest-kings who ruled vast territories in Mesoamerica [Mexico and Central America] during the Olmec period, which is to be considered later herein. In recent times, it has been common to associate Latinos with the . One of the worlds most renowned craniologists, Polish professor Andrzej Wiercinski, revealed to the 41st Congress of Americanists in Mexico in September 1974, that African skulls had been discovered at Olmec sites in Tlatilco, Cerro de las Mesas and Monte Alban. Pdf_module_version 0.0.19 Ppi 300 Republisher_date 20200128192458 Republisher_operator associate-jessa-lubiano@archive.org Republisher_time 504 Scandate 20200128085733 Scanner station39.cebu.archive.org Scanningcenter Jews Selling Blacks: Slave Sale Advertising by American Jews, "I Have Been Vindicated," Interview Final Call, 1992, How the Jews Crushed a Black Slave Revolt. After the Civil War, the racist legacy of slavery . Readers should also consider the following 10 books that filled in this or that piece of the African jigsaw: Charles S. Finch, The Star of Deep Beginnings, US, Khenti, 1998. It asserted the historical participation of Black Africa as far back as the birth of the Egyptian civilization. African Presence in Early America Ivan Van Sertima 4.60 58 ratings1 review This volume presents what is presently known about the links between Africa and America before the age of Columbus. Stone carving of Negroid person found in area close to Washitaw Territories, Southern U.S. In light of the vast evidence available (far more, for example, than that of the Vikings) of an African presence in ancient America, why is this information virtually unknown to the general public? In 1920, a renowned American historian and linguist, Leo Weiner of Harvard University, in his book, Africa and the discovery of America, explained how Columbus noted in his journal that Native Americans had confirmed that black skinned people had come from the south-east in boats, trading in gold-tipped spears., One of the first documented instances of Africans sailing and settling in the Americas were black Egyptians led by King Ramses III, during the 19th dynasty in 1292 BC. brilliantly [demonstrates] has that there is far more to black history than the slave trade."John A. Williams They Came Before Columbus reveals a compelling, dramatic, and superbly detailed documentation of the presence and legacy of Africans in ancient America. Seafaring allowed Europe to conquer the world. Pre-Columbus civilization in the Americas had its foundation built by Africans and developed by the ingenuity of Native Americans. This book was released on 2003-09-23 with total page 358 pages. As Columbus Day (October 12) approaches and as we celebrate the 40th anniversary of the publication of They Came Before Columbus by the late Rutgers University professor, Ivan Van Sertima, we must reveal to the world the grandeur of Africa by highlighting the achievements of some of its great navigators and rulers. Atlantic Creole culture: patterns of transformation and adaptations, 1607-60 5. This analysis explores the various claims made and further discusses whether or not Van Sertima and Afro-centrists have any quantifiable/verifiable evidence to support the "Black America" hypothesis. Are you ready to meet us and our scholars in the public so that the world may see who is a liar and who is telling the truth? As in Darien, these Africans were also captives of war among the native Americans. He also claimed numerous successful modern attempts have illustrated that without an oar, rudder or sail ancient African boats, including the dug-out, would certainly have been able to cross the vast ocean in a matter of weeks. They Came Before Columbus: The African Presence in Ancient America. The king sent out 200 ships of men, and 200 ships of trade material, crops, animals, cloth and crucially African knowledge of astronomy, religion and the arts. Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. 1995. We cannot of course reproach the author with what he could not know in 1976. These substances are known to only be derived from American plants. In Egyptian mythology the human headed bird, Ba, flies out of the tomb. He wrote: Cleared of the surrounding earth, it [the colossal head] presented an awe-inspiring spectacle. cit., p.65. African Americans, one of the largest of the many ethnic groups in the United States. Garikai Chengu is a scholar at Harvard University. What is the significance of this meeting of Africans and Native Americans? The same is true for studies of the African diaspora, but that does not mean that African migration lacks significance in either field. or Were the ancient Turks, Akkads (Sumerians) and Dravidians (Tamils) the parents of Mexico and Meso-America, Magicians of the Gods by Graham Hancock (2015), Robbing Native American Cultures: Van Sertima's Afrocentricity and the Olmecs, ANCIENT INDIAN RELIGION CHAPTER 4 PART 4 ANCIENT INDIA APN, The Dragon and the Serpent: Quetzalcoatl, the Lng of China and the Serpent of Wisdom, Extended-Plasma-Electromagnetic Cosmology (EPEMC, Afrocentric World Black Greeks Ancient Libyco-Berber Writing More Information on the Afrocentric World, Olmec (Mande) Loan Words in the Mayan, Mixe-Zoque and Taino Languages. DuBois Fellow at Harvard Uni- . BLACK SHOGUN AN ASSESSMENT OF THE AFRICAN PRESENCE IN A bird with a human head also appears in a relief from Izapa, Mexico; Jairazbhoy also shows remarkable similarities between several gods in the Egyptian underworld and those of Olmec Mexico. African American history began with slavery, as white European settlers first brought Africans to the continent to serve as enslaved workers. Ancient trans-Atlantic similarities in botany, religion and pyramid building constitute but a fraction of the signs of African influence in ancient America. Alex Stevens they way africans view africa is the correct way, just a place on the other side of the continent. The unknown element is to the extent of population coverage, acculturation, architecture, and intercontinental travel. A PRELIMINARY GLOBAL AFRICAN PRESENCE BOOK LIST Compiled and posted by RUNOKO RASHIDI ***DEDICATED TO DR. JOHN HENRIK CLARKE (1915-1998)*** Akbar, Na'im. Blacks in Science: Ancient and Modern (Journal of African Civilizations ; Vol. The great ancient civilizations of Egypt and West Africa traveled to the Americas, contributing immensely to early American civilization by importing the art of pyramid building, political systems and religious practices as well as mathematics, writing and a sophisticated calendar. The Black Experience in Colonial Latin America Latin Racial Gaps in Early Childhood Socio-emotional nccp.org <>>> Africans clearly played an intricate role in the Olmec Empires rise and that African influence peaked during the same period that ancient Black Egyptian culture ascended in Africa. Muslims first came to North America in the 1500s as part of colonial expeditions. One of these explorers, Mustafa Zemmouri (also known as Estevanico), was sold by the Portuguese into slavery in 1522. Historian Nicholas Cheetham writes of the exaggeratedly Negroid features of the stone heads. According to Von Wuthenau, [t]he startling fact is that in all parts of Mexico, from Campeche in the east to the southeast of Guerrero, and from Chiapas, next to the Guatemalan border, to the Panuco River in the Huasteca region (north of Veracruz) archeological pieces representing Negro or Negroid people have been found, especially in archaic or pre-classic sites. endobj Contact him on [emailprotected], Comment on Global Research Articles on our Facebook page, Disclaimer: The contents of this article are of sole responsibility of the author(s). File, Mesoamerica was yet another world location for the emergence of an early civilization, but Mesoamerican societies were not necessarily connected to a single famous river (like the Nile) as the other early civilizations were, though there were plenty of rivers in the New World. The name Olmec means Dweller in the land of Rubber and could technically be applied to anyone who lived in the jungle areas of the Mexican Gulf Coast in antiquity. It has now become common knowledge amongst academics that Christopher Columbus clearly did not discover America, not least because is it impossible to discover a people and a continent that was already there and thriving with culture. endobj In the Yuan Dynasty (1271-1368) founded by Kubilai Khan, the Black presence is visible in a number of notable paintings. As time allows us to drift further and further away from the European age of exploration and we move beyond an age of racial intellectual prejudice, historians are beginning to recognize that Africans were skilled navigators long before Europeans, contrary to popular belief. Lies My Teacher Told Me: Everything Your American History Textbook Got Wrong. Although eyewitness accounts of early European explorers may be the best evidence of an African presence in the New World that preceded Columbus, it is certainly not the only evidence. On the very ceremonial court and platform where four of the African-type heads were found in the holy capital of the Olmec world, La Venta. Ancient African historian Professor Van Sertima has illustrated how Olmecs were the first Mesoamerican civilization to use a written language, sophisticated astronomy, arts and mathematics and they built the first cities in Mexico, all of which greatly influenced the Mayans and subsequent civilizations in the Americas. %%O J8J:=t6gIg&K:L u'6KBDPgTHDIDI5o5$\3Q3J5h5$]fKF]QJF(I%J8Jf+#Z(iW&V2]Tw5i[$]jV$rYftqAAVrb9gXP:*]]`gea?XQ$ For publication of Global Research articles in print or other forms including commercial internet sites, contact: [emailprotected]. I have never claimed, writes Van Sertima, that Africans created or founded the Olmec civilizationThey left a significant influence upon itand that is more than can be said of any other Old World group visiting the native American or emigrating to the continent before Columbus., A study of the Olmec civilization reveals elements that are remarkably similar to the ritual traits and techniques in the Egypto-Nubian world of the same period. The Black Experience in Colonial Latin America Latin, They Came Before Columbus: The African Presence in Ancient Van Sertima states that what clinches the argument for the African presence in early (pre-Columbian) America are the skulls and skeletons of African people that were found on the ancient Olmec site. Van Sertima also discussed many of these topics in his several published books including Blacks in Science: Ancient and Modern (1983), Black Women in Antiquity (1984), The African Presence in Early Asia (1985), Great Black Leaders, Ancient and Modern (1988), and Egypt: The Child of Africa (1994). 3 examine factors that can contribute to early resilience. But, in the words of Van Sertima, proof of contact is only half of the story. In 1994 the Smithsonian published his address in Race, Discourse and the Origin of the Americas: A New World View of 1492. I have never claimed, writes Van Sertima, that Africans created or founded the Olmec civilizationThey left a significant influence upon itand that is more than can be said of any other Old World group visiting the native American or emigrating to the continent before Columbus.34, A study of the Olmec civilization reveals elements that are remarkably similar to the ritual traits and techniques in the Egypto-Nubian world of the same period. ), Some of the Olmec sculptures depicting human beings are so decidedly Negroid that many scholars long thought that the indigenous Olmec culture itself was of Black origin. It is in contradiction to the most elementary logic and to all artistic experience to suggest that these ancient Olmec artists could have depicted, with such detail, African facial features they had never seen., According to Von Wuthenau, [t]he startling fact is that in all parts of Mexico, from Campeche in the east to the southeast of Guerrero, and from Chiapas, next to the Guatemalan border, to the Panuco River in the Huasteca region (north of Veracruz) archeological pieces representing Negro or Negroid people have been found, especially in archaic or pre-classic sites. Nessuna recensione trovata nei soliti posti. Tellingly, all of these pyramids also served the same dual purpose, tomb and temple. An examination of this artwork, wrote Van Sertima, reveals the unmistakable combination of the kinky hair, broad nose, generous lips, frequency of prognathism (projecting jaws), occasional goatee beard, and sometimes distinctly African ear pendants, hairstyles, tattoo markings, and coloration.23, Author David Imhotep cites a number of scientists and scholars who have identified prehistoric skulls and skeletons of Black people of the Austro-Negrito type, dating back to as early as 56,000 years ago, throughout the New World.24 This appears to be substantiated by more recent discoveries.25, Our focus here, however, is on the Negroid skulls and skeletons that have been discovered at ancient and medieval New World sites. to 1700 B.C.E. He was considered one of the African Christian martyrs. In this summary, however, we are confining ourselves to a particular geographic region (the Gulf of Mexico), a particular culture complex or civilization (known as Olmecs), and a particular period of history (948-680 B.C. African Presence Asia-America - Worksheet 4-2.docx 3 pages The Roots of Nubian Christianity - Worksheet 1.pdf 2 pages AFS 201 FINAL EXAM.doc 3 pages LOST PHARAOHS OF NUBIA - Worksheet 2.pdf 3 pages Greco-Africana - Worksheet 5.docx 3 pages COMPETENCY WORKSHEET #4 (1).pdf 2 pages Africans.pdf 3 pages His topic will be "The African Presence in Ancient America" at BCC's Davie campus at 11 a.m., and he will be the featured speaker at the "Africa and the Diaspora" program scheduled for 1 to 5 p.m . Mississippian Moundbuilders and the Red Stick Creek Resistance to Settler Colonialism, With Examples of Black Indigenous Sovereignty. They dominated China about 2800 B.C. 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