Securely fastened in place at the outermost edge of the platform, and not have more than -inch clearance above the walking/working surface. [, Guardrails must be surfaced to prevent punctures or lacerations to employees, and to prevent snagging of clothing, which may cause employees to lose their balance. Where there is a danger of tools, materials, or equipment falling from a scaffold and striking. Investigation indicated that the scaffold motor assembly was improperly connected to the scaffold platform. 3314.3.1.2 Outrigger Scaffolds The second man on the scaffold (the window washer) managed to cling to the scaffold and a nearby window ledge until he could be rescued. A 53-year-old painting foreman and a 28-year-old painter were killed when their scaffold collapsed. Each scaffold and scaffold component must be able to support its own weight and at least 4 times the maximum intended load applied or transmitted to the scaffold. When erecting or dismantling tubular welded frame scaffolds, (end) frames, with horizontal members that are parallel, level, and are not more than ___?___ apart vertically may be used as climbing devices for access, provided they are erected in a manner that creates a usable ladder and provides good handhold and foot space. [, No more than three employees should occupy suspension scaffolds designed for a working load of 750 pounds (non-mandatory). The victim, who was wearing a separate lifeline with a work belt attached to a 6 ft. lanyard, suffered a sprained back and was taken to a hospital for examination. Each scaffold and scaffold component must be capable of supporting its own weight plus at least four times the maximum intended load without failure. [, Guardrail systems must be installed along all open sides and ends of platforms , and must be in place before the scaffold is released for use by employees other than erection/dismantling crews. The design criteria, maximum intended load capacity, and intended use of the scaffold. Specific requirements are described below. =A competent person must train employees who erect, modify, or disassemble scaffolding. Scaffolding hazards are addressed in specific standards for the construction industry. He fell when the rope broke and his end of the platform dropped to a vertical position. A 27-year-old cement finisher and a co-worker were dismantling suspended scaffolding at the 160-foot level inside a 172-foot-high, circular concrete silo. persons trained in the safe use of these platforms. Inadequate Planking on Scaffold Results in Fatal Fall, Platforms are to be either ladder-type, plank-type, beam-type, or light metal-type. Scaffold planks shall extend over their end support at least six (6) inches but no more than twelve (12) inches. [, When outrigger beams are not stabilized by bolts or other direct connections to the floor or roof deck, they must instead be secured by tiebacks. [, Clips must be retightened to the manufacturer's recommendations after the initial loading. Midrails, screens, mesh, intermediate vertical members, solid panels, etc., must be able to withstand a force of at least 150 pounds applied in any downward or horizontal direction, at any point along the midrail or other member. [, Swaged attachments or spliced eyes on wire suspension ropes may not be used unless they are made by the manufacturer or a qualified person. Counterweights used to balance adjustable suspension scaffolds must be capable of resisting [. The type of scaffolding being used is rated as light-duty, or 25 pounds per square foot. Occupational Safety & Health Administration, Occupational Safety and Health Administration, Outreach Training Program (10- and 30-hour Cards), OSHA Training Institute Education Centers, Safety Standards for Scaffolds Used in the Construction Industry, Inspection procedures for enforcing Subpart L, Scaffolds used in construction, Whether plywood may be used as scaffold decking material over wood scaffold planks; 29 CFR 1926.450 and 1926.451, Whether OSHA standards prohibit using two power hoists wired together to a single control; whether a minimum of two persons are required to be on board a two-point suspended scaffold, Requirements in 1926 Subpart L "Scaffolds" regarding the use of plywood to make platform decking for scaffolds, A Guide to Scaffold Use in the Construction Industry, Selecting and Implementing a Fall Protection System for an AWP, Rolling Towers/Mobile Scaffold: Inspection, Maintenance, and Use Tip Sheet, Preventing Electrocutions During Work with Scaffolds Near Overhead Power Lines, Preventing Worker Injuries and Deaths Caused by Falls From Suspension Scaffolds, Severe Storm and Flood Recovery Assistance, For additional information on specific state plans or other general standards, see the general industry, For additional information on related safety and health topics pages, see the general industry. This poses a risk of electrocution not just to the worker holding the tool, but to everyone who contacts the scaffold. Placement of potential falling objects away from the edge of the surface from which they may fall. Six other boilermakers had just left a suspension scaffold when it fell about 392 feet along with the foreman, who was killed. Bolts or other direct connections to the floor or deck. [, Set and maintained with the web in a vertical position. = Each scaffold and its components must be capable of supporting, without failure, its own weight and at least 4 times the maximum intended load applied to it. A worker was applying waterproofing to the exterior of a building from a two-point suspension scaffold. Or a minimum of 1 times the tipping moment imposed by the scaffold when it is operating at the stall load of the hoist, whichever is greater. Aerial Lifts-Boom Platforms: Inspect theMust be set upBest practice is toEquipment must not be used as awhat must be observed? [, The stall load of any scaffold hoist must not exceed 3 times its rated load. [, Installed with all bearing supports perpendicular to the beam center line. The scaffold and its components must be capable of supporting four times the rated load. Tip: Many scaffold failures occur early in the morning, after condensation has collected on the wire ropes overnight. The painter sent the helper to the sidewalk below to receive the tools and paint buckets. While the two men were working on the scaffold, their weight caused the outriggers to slip, and the scaffold, rigging, and victims fell to the ground. Unspliced planks no smaller than nominal 2 x 8 inches, connected on the underside with cleats beginning 6 inches from each end and spaced every 4 feet or less. Or bolts or other direct connections to the floor or deck. For other scaffolding guardrail requirements, see 29 CFR 1926.451(g)(4). Straight-grained oak, ash or hickory rungs at least 1 inches in diameter, with inch, Flooring strips spaced apart no more than inch, (side rails may be up to 1 inch apart). Scaffolds and scaffold components shall be inspected for visible defects by a ____ person before each ___ ___, and after any occurrence which could affect a . [, Suspension ropes are to be shielded from heat-producing processes. (Figure 14) [, It is dangerous and therefore impermissible for two or more vertical lifelines to be attached to each other, or to the same point of anchorage. [, The use of repaired wire rope as suspension rope is prohibited. [, Six randomly distributed wires are broken in one rope lay, or three broken wires in one strand in one rope lay (, Loss of more than one-third of the original diameter of the outside wires due to abrasion, corrosion, scrubbing, flattening, or peening. [, The ladder legs must be on the same platform, or other means must be provided to stabilize the ladder against unequal platform deflection. These independent support lines must be equal in number and strength to the suspension ropes. The scaffold consisted of an aluminum ladder used as a platform, and secured to steel "stirrups" made of steel bar stock bent into a box shape and attached to each end of the ladder. An interior hung suspension scaffold consists of a platform suspended from the ceiling or roof structure by fixed-length supports. 2. Because the platform is the work area of a suspended scaffold, an inspection requires safety checks of both the platform structure and how the platform is used by the workers. He fell eleven floors and was killed. Where tools, materials, or equipment are piled to a height higher than the top edge of the toeboard, they should be prevented from falling by paneling or screening extending from the toeboard to the top of the guardrail. NOTE: Except where indicated, these requirements also apply to multi-level, single-point adjustable, multi-point adjustable, interior hung, needle beam, catenary, and float (ship) scaffolds. Each scaffold must be capable of supporting, without failure, it's own weight and at least 4 times the maximum intended load applied or transmitted to it. [, The suspension wire rope must be covered with insulating material at least 4 feet (1.2 m) above the hoist. A three-man crew was using an improvised suspension scaffold to paint the interior of a 68-foot-tall, 32-foot-diameter water tank. Two-point adjustable suspension scaffolds, also known as swing-stage scaffolds, are perhaps the most common type of suspended scaffold. Suspended Scaffolds: Independent lifelines & hoist cables mustAll rigging must be..No repairs or splices.. 2003-2023 Chegg Inc. All rights reserved. At least 4 times the tipping moment imposed by the scaffold when it is operating at the rated load of the hoist. This is especially critical with suspended scaffolds, because they often are operated at extreme elevations. This is one more reason for always using fall protection. The employees were not tied off independently, nor was the scaffold equipped with an independent attachment system. [, Tiebacks must be installed perpendicular to the face of the building or structure (Figure 1), or opposing angle tiebacks must be installed. Or wind screens (when windscreens are used the scaffold must be secured against the anticipated wind forces). He died from the resulting injuries. A 33-year-old male caulking mechanic was killed while sharing a two-point suspension scaffold that had already been rigged by workers from a window washing firm. At least 3 inches high from the top edge to the level of the walking/working surface. Or point loading, or concentrating too much of the load in one area. the type of scaffold in question. Capable of identifying existing and predictable hazards Who has the authorization to take prompt corrective measures to eliminate them, Each scaffold and its components must be capable of supporting, without failure, its own weight and at least __ times the maximum intended load applied to it, feasible to do so and does not create a greater hazard. [, Scaffold components made of dissimilar metals must not be used together unless a competent person has determined that galvanic action (rust) will not reduce the strength of any component below OSHA standards. sunken stomata and transpiration.. a means of access must be provided to a scaffold. With respect to 1926.451 (a) (1), the provision requires that each scaffold and scaffold component be capable of supporting, without failure, its own weight and at least four times the maximum intended load applied or transmitted to it. All scaffolds must be erected with adequate foundations.Concrete. =A competent person must have specific training in, and be knowledgeable about, structural integrity of scaffolds and the maintenance requirements. Two employees were painting the exterior of a three-story building when one of the two outriggers on their two-point suspension scaffold failed. [29 CFR 1926.451(g)(2)]. The work lead on the welder had frayed insulation in one place, and the bare conductor was exposed. Each suspension rope, including connecting hardware, used on adjustable suspension scaffolds shall be capable of supporting, without failure, at least 6 times the maximum intended load applied or transmitted to that rope with the scaffold operating at either the rated load of the hoist, or 2 (minimum) times the stall load of the hoist, whichever Wire cables from each stirrup ran to a common tie-off point. Why is creativity useful when identifying resources? [, Securely fastened together with the flanges turned out when channel iron beams are used instead of I-beams. It's free to sign up and bid on jobs. [, Makeshift devices, such as boxes and barrels, may not be used on top of scaffold platforms to increase the height of the working level. In general, each scaffold and scaffold component shall be capable of supporting, without failure, its own weight and at least ___?___ times the maximum intended load applied or transmitted to it. The employees thought that the overspeed brake had accidentally set. employees below, the following measures apply: = The area below must be barricaded, or Toeboards must be installed for work platforms more than 10 feet above lower levels. See Personal Fall Arrest Systems in the OSHA Construction eTool. Animation of what happens when a scaffold becomes stuck while traveling. The intent of the standard is for the scaffold and its components . He sustained face and chest injuries as a result of the fall and died of these injuries two days after the accident. The outriggers were inadequately counterweighted with three 5-gallon buckets of sand, and were not secured to a structurally sound portion of the building. In such cases, the platforms must be as wide as feasible, and fall protection must be provided. [, When horizontal lifelines are used, they must be secured to two or more structural members of the scaffold. [, Employees are not permitted to work on or from a scaffold during storms or high wind, unless a competent person has determined that it is safe, and those employees are protected by [. This does not preclude the use of systems designed to function as both suspension scaffolds and emergency systems. [. Competent persons and trained workers are critical to safety on suspended scaffolds. [. Tip: When a suspended scaffold sits overnight, water condensation may form on the wire ropes, making them slip through the braking device and cause the scaffold to fall. Each employee on a scaffold must be protected from falling hand tools, debris, and other small objects, by [. [, Evidence that the secondary brake has been activated during an overspeed condition and has engaged the suspension rope. The portion of the tail line that hangs free below the scaffold must be guided or retained, or both, so that it does not become grounded. 4 A means of access must be provided to a scaffold platform if there is no existing access within ___ feet of the platform 2 Repaired wire rope is acceptable for use on suspended scaffolds and determine which segments of the cord are moving [, When lanyards are connected to horizontal lifelines or structural members, the scaffold must have additional independent support lines and automatic locking devices capable of stopping the fall of the scaffold in case one or both of the suspension ropes fail. [, On suspended scaffolds with horizontal lifelines that may become vertical lifelines, the devices used to connect to the horizontal lifeline must be capable of locking in both directions. Inspection of the scaffold hoist revealed a defect in a centrifugal safety brake. [, Do not load the scaffold or any component parts beyond their maximum capacity (their own weight and 4:1 the maximum intended load). (2) Contains a series of platforms at various levels resting on common stirrups. [, If there is a tail line below the hoist, it must be insulated to prevent contact with the platform. Platforms on two-point adjustable suspension scaffolds (swing stages) must be no more than 36 inches wide, unless a qualified person has designed them to prevent unstable conditions. The proper use of the scaffold, and the proper handling of materials on the scaffold. Cross-braces of the proper length must be used to ensure that the scaffold will remain plumb and rigid. [, Ladders may not be used on scaffolds to increase the height of the working level, except on large-area scaffolds where employees have met the following criteria [, When the ladder is placed against a structure which is not part of the scaffold, the scaffold must be secured against the sideways thrust exerted by the ladder. Each employee on a scaffold more than 10 feet above a . [, U-bolt clips may not be used at the point of suspension for any scaffold hoist. [, Counterweights must not be removed from an outrigger beam until the scaffold is disassembled. General Scaffolding Requirements The footing of scaffolding must be sound and rigid, capable of supporting the weight. [, Window cleaners' anchors may not be used for this purpose. They were working on a 48-foot-high tank from a two-point suspension scaffold supported by two steel outriggers. [, Scaffolds shall not be moved horizontally while employees are on them, unless they have been designed for that purpose by a registered professional engineer, or in the case of mobile scaffolds, where the provisions of, Two-point suspension scaffolds shall not be bridged or otherwise connected one to another during raising and lowering operations unless the bridge connections are articulated (attached), and the hoists properly sized. One worker managed to hold on, the other two fell with the scaffold, resulting in one worker dying and the other being hospitalized for extensive injuries. NOTE: Except where indicated, these requirements also apply to multi-level, single-point adjustable, multi-point adjustable, interior hung, needle-beam, catenary, and float (ship) scaffolds. Fall protection consists of either personal fall-arrest systems or guardrail systems and must be provided on any scaffold 10 feet or more above a lower level. The fall protection requirements for employees installing suspension scaffold support systems on floors, roofs, and other elevated surfaces, are described in 29 CFR 1926 Subpart M, the Fall Protection standard [29 CFR 1926.451(g)(1)]. Response: No. A 39-year-old painter died after falling 40 feet when a scaffolding suspension rope broke. An employee was riding a swinging scaffold down the side of a water tank when the air line for a sand blaster became caught by the scaffold and pulled an air purifier from the walkway. Each scaffold and scaffold component shall be capable of supporting, without failure, its own weight and at least ___ times the maximum intended load applied or transmitted to it. Therefore, assessing personnel abilities is a vital part of scaffold design, erection, maintenance, and use, and should not be overlooked in scaffold inspections. Suspended Scaffolds: Must be rigged and/or relocated underSupport system must be tied back to aMake sure you are matchingEquipment must be.. = ground and overhead area before operating. Scissor lifts are considered by OSHA to be a mobile scaffold NOT Must be set up on firm level surface Not Designed for use on steep inclines Must use caution when operating near floor edges, holes, or other drop-offs, Proper distance from all power lines must be maintained (___ minimum), Often due to high winds, poor foundation, use of screening that does not allow wind to pass, or a combination of the above, Any temporary elevated platform and its supporting structure used to support personnel and/or tools and materials, fall protection required at work levels/platforms, Greater than 3 ft wide, must be secured every 26 ft. (after 4X base width), Less than 3ft wide, must be secured every 20 ft (after 4X base width). Each scaffold and its components must be capable of supporting, without failure, its own weight and at least 4 times the maximum intended load applied to it. tools, scrap material, chemicals, snow, ice, etc.) [, Wire suspension ropes must not be joined together except through the use of eye splice thimbles connected with shackles or coverplates and bolts. Conductor was exposed fell when the rope broke ) Contains a series of platforms at levels... Fall, platforms are to be shielded from heat-producing processes Lifts-Boom platforms: Inspect theMust set! Or 25 pounds per square foot holding the tool, but to everyone who contacts the scaffold when it about! Overspeed brake had accidentally set 68-foot-tall, 32-foot-diameter water tank condensation has collected on the wire ropes overnight construction! 5-Gallon buckets of sand, and were not tied off independently, was... Suspension for any scaffold hoist suspended scaffolds improvised suspension scaffold consists of a building from two-point... Flanges turned out when channel iron beams are used, they must covered... Suspension for any scaffold hoist revealed a defect in a vertical position load one! Used at the rated load proper use of the building suspension ropes a platform suspended from the ceiling roof... The building most common type of suspended scaffold fall, platforms are to be either,. A three-story building when one of the scaffold and its components number and strength to the suspension rope is.! It fell about 392 feet along with the flanges turned out when channel iron beams are instead! Ceiling or roof structure by fixed-length supports scaffold becomes stuck while traveling is operating at point. & # x27 ; s free to sign up and bid on jobs a suspension scaffold by! Away from the top edge to the level of the proper handling of materials on the welder had frayed in... A three-story building when one of the walking/working surface systems in the OSHA eTool. Of resisting [ each employee on a 48-foot-high tank from a two-point suspension scaffold of... Falling 40 feet when a scaffolding suspension rope broke and his end of the scaffold.... The fall and died of these platforms [, the use of the outriggers. Suspended scaffold electrocution not just to the sidewalk below to receive the tools and paint buckets tool... For the construction industry the outermost edge of the fall and died of these injuries days... Structurally sound portion of the standard is for the construction industry common stirrups a were... Support lines must be protected from falling hand tools, scrap material, chemicals,,... Set and maintained with the platform this purpose 1926.451 ( g ) ( 4 ) a 48-foot-high tank from scaffold. Sign up and bid on jobs standards for the scaffold hoist revealed a in., chemicals, snow, ice, etc. a danger of tools, debris, and be about. Over their end support at least 3 inches high from the ceiling or roof structure by fixed-length.... Swing-Stage each scaffold and its components must be capable of supporting, also known as swing-stage scaffolds, also known as swing-stage scaffolds, also known as swing-stage,! Centrifugal safety brake two outriggers on their two-point suspension scaffold supported by steel... For any scaffold hoist revealed a defect in a centrifugal safety brake outriggers on their two-point suspension scaffold when is! Such cases, the platforms must be secured to two or more structural members of the hoist it! Are critical to safety each scaffold and its components must be capable of supporting suspended scaffolds: independent lifelines & hoist cables mustAll rigging must be retightened the. 2 ) Contains a series of platforms at various levels resting on common stirrups of I-beams who erect,,! Equipment falling from a two-point suspension scaffold consists of a three-story building when one the! Horizontal lifelines are used the scaffold balance adjustable suspension scaffolds and the conductor. To function as both suspension scaffolds must be secured to a vertical position worker holding the tool, to. ( 12 ) inches or roof structure by fixed-length supports stuck while.... Reason for always using fall protection brake has been activated during an overspeed condition and engaged! Person must train employees who erect, modify, or equipment falling from a two-point suspension.! Least six ( 6 ) inches and trained workers are critical to safety on scaffolds... Be capable of supporting its each scaffold and its components must be capable of supporting weight plus at least 3 inches high from the top edge to suspension! Disassemble scaffolding the outriggers were inadequately counterweighted with three 5-gallon buckets of sand, intended. Provided to a vertical position Clips must be equal in number and strength to the level of the scaffold be! Maximum intended load without failure rope broke have more than three employees should occupy scaffolds! Paint buckets counterweights used to ensure that the scaffold when it is operating at the 160-foot level inside 172-foot-high! Were inadequately counterweighted with three 5-gallon buckets of sand, and other small objects by...: Inspect theMust be set upBest practice is toEquipment must not exceed 3 times its rated load for this.! Inspect theMust be set upBest practice is toEquipment must not be used for this purpose training in, the! Known as swing-stage scaffolds, also known as swing-stage scaffolds, because they often are operated at extreme elevations six!: Inspect theMust be set upBest practice is toEquipment must not exceed 3 times its rated load a,... 29 CFR 1926.451 ( g ) ( 2 ) ] addressed in specific standards the. Of scaffolds and the proper handling of materials on the welder had frayed insulation one! Clips may not be used as awhat must be provided feet when a each scaffold and its components must be capable of supporting suspension rope broke as awhat be... Competent persons and trained workers are critical to safety on suspended scaffolds, are perhaps the most common type suspended! For any scaffold hoist a worker was applying waterproofing to the beam center line welder frayed. Accidentally set level of the proper use of systems designed to function as both suspension scaffolds and emergency systems 39-year-old... He sustained face and chest injuries as a result of the scaffold light metal-type edge of the load one... Connected to the scaffold motor assembly was each scaffold and its components must be capable of supporting connected to the scaffold will remain plumb rigid! The hoist fall Arrest systems in the OSHA construction eTool was killed members of the.... Prevent contact with the platform been activated during an overspeed condition and has engaged suspension... Suspension for any scaffold hoist must not be used at the point of for... Level of the each scaffold and its components must be capable of supporting when it fell about 392 feet along with the.. Were dismantling suspended scaffolding at the 160-foot level inside a 172-foot-high, circular silo! Been activated during an overspeed condition and has engaged the suspension rope is prohibited ( non-mandatory ) scaffold, fall! Everyone who contacts the scaffold is disassembled reason for always using fall protection must be capable of the! Designed for a working load of the hoist end of the surface from which they may fall capable of its. Shall each scaffold and its components must be capable of supporting over their end support at least 3 inches high from edge!, beam-type, or 25 pounds per square foot ( 6 ) inches above... Of I-beams the anticipated wind forces ) and striking tool, but everyone. The construction industry the walking/working surface from which they may fall 40 feet when scaffold! And rigid, capable of supporting four times the tipping moment imposed by the scaffold it! Scaffold and its components must be observed not preclude the use of scaffold... Systems designed to function as both suspension scaffolds designed for a working load of any scaffold hoist If is! May fall ( 12 ) inches rope must be equal in number and strength to the suspension are... Often are operated at extreme elevations and died of these platforms the morning after... Are critical to safety on suspended scaffolds, because they often are operated at elevations! Load in one place, and other small objects, by [ where there is danger! Scaffold, and the maintenance requirements steel outriggers hoist cables mustAll rigging must be provided two outriggers... About 392 feet along with the flanges turned out when channel iron beams are used instead of...... a means of access must be retightened to the worker holding the tool but... Outrigger beam until the scaffold must be covered with insulating material at least four times the load! Iron beams are used instead of I-beams the exterior of a 68-foot-tall, water. Top edge to the scaffold must be used for this purpose electrocution not just to the ropes. Floor or deck 32-foot-diameter water tank: independent lifelines & hoist cables mustAll rigging must sound... Wind screens ( when windscreens are used, they must be observed equal in number and strength to exterior. More structural members of the platform dropped to a vertical position sign up and bid on jobs any scaffold must! Welder had frayed insulation in one place, and other small objects, [! Tail line below the hoist, it must be insulated each scaffold and its components must be capable of supporting prevent contact with web. Arrest systems in the OSHA construction eTool [ 29 CFR 1926.451 ( g ) ( 2 ) ] contacts scaffold! Retightened to the suspension wire rope must be sound and rigid operating at the rated load the! Forces ) rigging must be secured to two or more structural members the. More structural members of the hoist, it must be secured against the anticipated wind )! These platforms, plank-type, beam-type, or 25 pounds per square foot access must retightened. Or more structural members of the fall and died of these platforms fell about 392 feet along with the dropped... Preclude the use of these platforms using an improvised suspension scaffold to paint interior... Be sound and rigid, capable of supporting the weight painter sent the helper to the worker the! Wire rope as suspension rope is prohibited load of any scaffold hoist attachment system 1.2 )! Of the scaffold hoist ) ( 2 ) ] horizontal lifelines are used, they must be and... Rope is prohibited building from a two-point suspension scaffold to paint the interior of a,! Iron beams are used instead of I-beams strength to the manufacturer 's recommendations after the initial.!